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furnace/papers/format.md
tildearrow 62f2f67b9d add two more compatibility flags 
for songs that relied upon pre-0.5.5 broken behavior
2022-02-09 22:07:32 -05:00

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# the Furnace file format (.fur)
while Furnace works directly with the .dmf format, I had to create a new format to handle future additions to the program.
this document has the goal of detailing the format.
# information
all numbers are little-endian.
the following fields may be found in "size":
- `f` indicates a floating point number.
- `STR` is a UTF-8 zero-terminated string.
- `???` is an array of variable size.
- `S??` is an array of `STR`s.
- `1??` is an array of bytes.
- `2??` is an array of shorts.
- `4??` is an array of ints.
the format has changed several times across versions. a `(>=VER)` indicates this field is only present starting from format version `VER`, and `(<VER)` indicates this field is present only before version `VER`.
furthermore, an `or reserved` indicates this field is always present, but is reserved when the version condition is not met.
# format versions
the format versions are:
- 47: Furnace 0.5.6pre1
- 46: Furnace 0.5.5
- 45: Furnace 0.5.5pre3
- 44: Furnace 0.5.5pre2
- 43: Furnace 0.5.5pre1
- 42: Furnace 0.5.4
- 41: Furnace 0.5.3
- 40: Furnace 0.5.2
- 39: Furnace 0.5.2pre3
- 38: Furnace 0.5.2pre2
- 37: Furnace 0.5.2pre1
- 36: Furnace 0.5.1
- 35: Furnace 0.5
- 27: Furnace 0.4.6
- 26: Furnace 0.4.6pre1
- 25: Furnace 0.4.5
- 24: Furnace 0.4.4
- 23: Furnace 0.4.3
- 22: Furnace 0.4.2
- 21: Furnace 0.4.1
- 20: Furnace 0.4
- 19: Furnace 0.4pre3
- 18: Furnace 0.4pre2
- 17: Furnace 0.4pre1
- 16: Furnace 0.3.1
- 15: Furnace 0.3
- 14: Furnace 0.2.2
- 13: Furnace 0.2.1
- 12: Furnace 0.2
# header
the header is 32 bytes long.
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
16 | "-Furnace module-" format magic
2 | format version
2 | reserved
4 | song info pointer
8 | reserved
# song info
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "INFO" block ID
4 | reserved
1 | time base
1 | speed 1
1 | speed 2
1 | initial arpeggio time
4f | ticks per second
| - 60 is NTSC
| - 50 is PAL
2 | pattern length
2 | orders length
1 | highlight A
1 | highlight B
2 | instrument count
2 | wavetable count
2 | sample count
4 | pattern count
32 | list of sound chips
| - possible soundchips:
| - 0x00: end of list
| - 0x01: YMU759 - 17 channels
| - 0x02: Genesis - 10 channels
| - 0x03: SMS (SN76489) - 4 channels
| - 0x04: Game Boy - 4 channels
| - 0x05: PC Engine - 6 channels
| - 0x06: NES - 5 channels
| - 0x07: C64 (8580) - 3 channels
| - 0x08: Arcade (YM2151) - 13 channels
| - 0x09: Neo Geo (YM2610) - 13 channels
| - bit 6 enables alternate mode:
| - 0x42: Genesis extended - 13 channels
| - 0x47: C64 (6581) - 3 channels
| - 0x49: Neo Geo extended - 16 channels
| - bit 7 for non-DefleMask chips:
| - 0x80: AY-3-8910 - 3 channels
| - 0x81: Amiga - 4 channels
| - 0x82: YM2151 alone - 8 channels
| - 0x83: YM2612 alone - 6 channels
| - 0x84: TIA - 2 channels
| - 0x85: VIC-20 - 4 channels
| - 0x86: PET - 1 channel
| - 0x87: SNES - 8 channels
| - 0x88: VRC6 - 3 channels
| - 0x89: OPLL (YM2413) - 9 channels
| - 0x8a: FDS - 1 channel
| - 0x8b: MMC5 - 3 channels
| - 0x8c: Namco 163 - 8 channels
| - 0x8d: OPN (YM2203) - 6 channels
| - 0x8e: PC-98 (YM2608) - 16 channels
| - 0x8f: OPL (YM3526) - 9 channels
| - 0x90: OPL2 (YM3812) - 9 channels
| - 0x91: OPL3 (YMF262) - 18 channels
| - 0x92: MultiPCM - 24 channels
| - 0x93: Intel 8253 (beeper) - 1 channel
| - 0x94: POKEY - 4 channels
| - 0x95: RF5C68 - 8 channels
| - 0x96: WonderSwan - 4 channels
| - 0x97: Philips SAA1099 - 6 channels
| - 0x98: OPZ (YM2414) - 8 channels
| - 0x99: Pokémon Mini - 1 channel
| - 0x9a: AY8930 - 3 channels
| - 0x9b: SegaPCM - 16 channels
| - 0x9c: Virtual Boy - 6 channels
| - 0x9d: VRC7 - 6 channels
| - 0x9e: YM2610B - 16 channels
| - 0x9f: ZX Spectrum (beeper) - 6 channels
| - 0xa0: YM2612 extended - 9 channels
| - 0xa1: Konami SCC - 5 channels
| - 0xa2: OPL drums (YM3526) - 11 channels
| - 0xa3: OPL2 drums (YM3812) - 11 channels
| - 0xa4: OPL3 drums (YMF262) - 20 channels
| - 0xa5: OPL3 4-op (YMF262) - 12 channels
| - 0xa6: OPL3 4-op + drums (YMF262) - 14 channels
| - 0xa7: OPLL drums (YM2413) - 11 channels
32 | sound chip volumes
| - signed char, 64=1.0, 127=~2.0
32 | sound chip panning
| - signed char, -128=left, 127=right
128 | sound chip parameters (TODO)
STR | song name
STR | song author
4f | A-4 tuning
1 | limit slides (>=36) or reserved
1 | linear pitch (>=36) or reserved
1 | loop modality (>=36) or reserved
1 | proper noise layout (>=42) or reserved
1 | wave duty is volume (>=42) or reserved
1 | reset macro on porta (>=45) or reserved
1 | legacy volume slides (>=45) or reserved
1 | compatible arpeggio (>=45) or reserved
1 | note off resets slides (>=45) or reserved
1 | target resets slides (>=45) or reserved
1 | arpeggio inhibits portamento (>=47) or reserved
1 | wack algorithm macro (>=47) or reserved
8 | reserved
4?? | pointers to instruments
4?? | pointers to wavetables
4?? | pointers to samples
4?? | pointers to patterns
??? | orders
| - a table of shorts
| - size=channels*ordLen
| - read orders than channels
??? | effect columns
| - size=channels
1?? | channel hide status
| - size=channels
1?? | channel collapse status
| - size=channels
S?? | channel names
| - a list of channelCount C strings
S?? | channel short names
| - same as above
STR | song comment
# instrument
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "INST" block ID
4 | reserved
2 | format version (see header)
1 | instrument type
| - 0: standard
| - 1: FM
| - 2: Game Boy
| - 3: C64
| - 4: Amiga/sample
1 | reserved
STR | instrument name
--- | **FM instrument data**
1 | alg
1 | feedback
1 | fms
1 | ams
1 | operator count (always 4)
3 | reserved
--- | **FM operator data** × 4
1 | am
1 | ar
1 | dr
1 | mult
1 | rr
1 | sl
1 | tl
1 | dt2
1 | rs
1 | dt
1 | d2r
1 | ssgEnv
1 | dam
1 | dvb
1 | egt
1 | ksl
1 | sus
1 | vib
1 | ws
1 | ksr
12 | reserved
--- | **Game Boy instrument data**
1 | volume
1 | direction
1 | length
1 | sound length
--- | **C64 instrument data**
1 | triangle
1 | saw
1 | pulse
1 | noise
1 | attack
1 | decay
1 | sustain
1 | release
2 | duty
1 | ring mod
1 | osc sync
1 | to filter
1 | init filter
1 | vol macro is cutoff
1 | resonance
1 | low pass
1 | band pass
1 | high pass
1 | channel 3 off
2 | cutoff
1 | duty macro is absolute
1 | filter macro is absolute
--- | **Amiga instrument data**
2 | initial sample
14 | reserved
--- | **standard instrument data**
4 | volume macro length
4 | arp macro length
4 | duty macro length
4 | wave macro length
4 | pitch macro length (>=17)
4 | extra 1 macro length (>=17)
4 | extra 2 macro length (>=17)
4 | extra 3 macro length (>=17)
4 | volume macro loop
4 | arp macro loop
4 | duty macro loop
4 | wave macro loop
4 | pitch macro loop (>=17)
4 | extra 1 macro loop (>=17)
4 | extra 2 macro loop (>=17)
4 | extra 3 macro loop (>=17)
1 | arp macro mode
1 | reserved (>=17) or volume macro height (>=15) or reserved
1 | reserved (>=17) or duty macro height (>=15) or reserved
1 | reserved (>=17) or wave macro height (>=15) or reserved
4?? | volume macro
4?? | arp macro
| - before version 31, this macro's values were stored offset by 12.
4?? | duty macro
4?? | wave macro
4?? | pitch macro (>=17)
4?? | extra 1 macro (>=17)
4?? | extra 2 macro (>=17)
4?? | extra 3 macro (>=17)
4 | alg macro length (>=29)
4 | fb macro length (>=29)
4 | fms macro length (>=29)
4 | ams macro length (>=29)
4 | alg macro loop (>=29)
4 | fb macro loop (>=29)
4 | fms macro loop (>=29)
4 | ams macro loop (>=29)
1 | volume macro open (>=29)
1 | arp macro open (>=29)
1 | duty macro open (>=29)
1 | wave macro open (>=29)
1 | pitch macro open (>=29)
1 | extra 1 macro open (>=29)
1 | extra 2 macro open (>=29)
1 | extra 3 macro open (>=29)
1 | alg macro open (>=29)
1 | fb macro open (>=29)
1 | fms macro open (>=29)
1 | ams macro open (>=29)
4?? | alg macro (>=29)
4?? | fb macro (>=29)
4?? | fms macro (>=29)
4?? | ams macro (>=29)
--- | **operator macro headers** × 4 (>=29)
4 | AM macro length
4 | AR macro length
4 | DR macro length
4 | MULT macro length
4 | RR macro length
4 | SL macro length
4 | TL macro length
4 | DT2 macro length
4 | RS macro length
4 | DT macro length
4 | D2R macro length
4 | SSG-EG macro length
4 | AM macro loop
4 | AR macro loop
4 | DR macro loop
4 | MULT macro loop
4 | RR macro loop
4 | SL macro loop
4 | TL macro loop
4 | DT2 macro loop
4 | RS macro loop
4 | DT macro loop
4 | D2R macro loop
4 | SSG-EG macro loop
1 | AM macro open
1 | AR macro open
1 | DR macro open
1 | MULT macro open
1 | RR macro open
1 | SL macro open
1 | TL macro open
1 | DT2 macro open
1 | RS macro open
1 | DT macro open
1 | D2R macro open
1 | SSG-EG macro open
--- | **operator macros** × 4 (>=29)
1?? | AM macro
1?? | AR macro
1?? | DR macro
1?? | MULT macro
1?? | RR macro
1?? | SL macro
1?? | TL macro
1?? | DT2 macro
1?? | RS macro
1?? | DT macro
1?? | D2R macro
1?? | SSG-EG macro
--- | **release points** (>=44)
4 | volume macro release
4 | arp macro release
4 | duty macro release
4 | wave macro release
4 | pitch macro release
4 | extra 1 macro release
4 | extra 2 macro release
4 | extra 3 macro release
4 | alg macro release
4 | fb macro release
4 | fms macro release
4 | ams macro release
--- | **operator release points** × 4 (>=44)
4 | AM macro release
4 | AR macro release
4 | DR macro release
4 | MULT macro release
4 | RR macro release
4 | SL macro release
4 | TL macro release
4 | DT2 macro release
4 | RS macro release
4 | DT macro release
4 | D2R macro release
4 | SSG-EG macro release
# wavetable
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "WAVE" block ID
4 | reserved
STR | wavetable name
4 | wavetable size
4 | wavetable min
4 | wavetable max
4?? | wavetable data
# sample
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "SMPL" block ID
4 | reserved
STR | sample name
4 | length
4 | rate
2 | volume
2 | pitch
1 | depth
1 | reserved
2 | C-4 rate (>=32) or reserved
4 | loop point (>=19) or reserved
| - -1 means no loop
2?? | sample data (always 16-bit)
# pattern
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "PATR" block ID
4 | reserved
2 | channel
2 | pattern index
4 | reserved
??? | pattern data
| - size: rows*(4+effectColumns*2)*2
| - read shorts in this order:
| - note
| - octave
| - instrument
| - volume
| - effect and effect data...
# the Furnace instrument format (.fui)
the instrument format is pretty similar to the file format, but it also stores wavetables and samples used by the instrument.
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
16 | "-Furnace instr.-" format magic
2 | format version
2 | reserved
4 | pointer to instrument data
2 | wavetable count
2 | sample count
4 | reserved
4?? | pointers to wavetables
4?? | pointers to samples
instrument data follows.
# the Furnace wavetable format (.fuw)
similar to the instrument format...
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
16 | "-Furnace waveta-" format magic
2 | format version
2 | reserved
wavetable data follows.
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