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105 lines
5 KiB
Markdown
105 lines
5 KiB
Markdown
# Yamaha OPL
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a series of FM sound chips which were very popular in DOS land. it was so popular that even Yamaha made a logo for it!
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essentially a downgraded version of Yamaha's other FM chips, with only 2 operators per channel.
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however, it also had a [drums mode](opll.md), and later chips in the series added more waveforms (than just the typical sine) and even a 4-operator mode.
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the original OPL (Yamaha YM3526) was present as an expansion for the Commodore 64 and MSX computers (erm, a variant of it). it only had 9 two-operator channels and drums mode.
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Y8950 is essentially the same chip, but with one additional channel for ADPCM sample playback, behaving in a similar way as the one found in YM2608.
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its successor, the OPL2 (Yamaha YM3812), added 3 more waveforms and was one of the more popular chips because it was present on the AdLib card for PC.
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later Creative would borrow the chip to make the Sound Blaster, and totally destroyed AdLib's dominance.
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the OPL3 (Yamaha YMF262) added 9 more channels, 4 more waveforms, rudimentary 4-operator mode (pairing up to 12 channels to make up to six 4-operator channels), quadraphonic output and some other things.
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the OPL4 (Yamaha YMF278) retains the FM block from OPL3, but adds 24 sample channels on top! samples are 44100 Hz, can be between 8, 12 or 16-bit, stereo (with 16 different levels) and can read PCM data from ROM or SRAM (up to 4 MB).
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afterwards everyone moved to Windows and software mixed PCM streaming...
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## effects
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- `10xx`: **set AM depth.** the following values are accepted:
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- `0`: 1dB (shallow)
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- `1`: 4.8dB (deep)
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- this effect applies to all channels.
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- `11xx`: **set feedback of channel.**
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- `12xx`: **set operator 1 level.**
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- `13xx`: **set operator 2 level.**
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- `14xx`: **set operator 3 level.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3 and OPL4).
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- `15xx`: **set operator 4 level.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3 and OPL4).
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- `16xy`: **set multiplier of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator (1-4; last 2 operators only in 4-op mode).
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- `y` is the new MULT value..
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- `17xx`: **set vibrato depth.**
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- `0`: normal
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- `1`: double
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- this effect applies to all channels.
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- `18xx`: **toggle drums mode.**
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- `0` disables it and `1` enables it.
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- only in drums chip.
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- `19xx`: **set attack of all operators.**
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- `1Axx`: **set attack of operator 1.**
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- `1Bxx`: **set attack of operator 2.**
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- `1Cxx`: **set attack of operator 3.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `1Dxx`: **set attack of operator 4.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `2Axy`: **set waveform of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- only in OPL2 or higher.
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- `30xx`: **enable envelope hard reset.**
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- this works by inserting a quick release and tiny delay before a new note.
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- `50xy`: **set AM of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether AM is on.
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- `51xy`: **set SL of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `52xy`: **set RR of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `53xy`: **set VIB of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether VIB is on.
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- `54xy`: **set KSL of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `55xy`: **set SUS of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether SUS is on.
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- `56xx`: **set DR of all operators.**
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- `57xx`: **set DR of operator 1.**
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- `58xx`: **set DR of operator 2.**
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- `59xx`: **set DR of operator 3.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `5Axx`: **set DR of operator 4.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `5Bxy`: **set KSR of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether KSR is on.
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## info
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these chips use the [FM (OPL)](../4-instrument/fm-opl.md) instrument editor. Y8950 ADPCM uses [Generic Sample](../4-instrument/sample.md) and [ADPCM-B](../4-instrument/adpcm-b.md) instrument editors.
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when two channels are joined for 4-op mode, the channel bar will show `4OP` on a bracket tying them together.
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## chip config
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the following options are available in the Chip Manager window:
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- **Clock rate**: sets the rate at which the chip will run.
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additionally, in OPL3:
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- **Chip type**: sets the chip model. OPL3-L uses resampling.
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- **Compatible panning**: for compatibility with old Furnace.
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additionally, in OPL4:
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- **RAM Size**: sets the RAM size for sample storage
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