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furnace/papers/format.md
tildearrow 24d60507e7 sysDef refactor, part 2 
to @cam900 and @grauw: you may now pull this to your branch.
check out the comments in sysDef.cpp though.
2022-04-27 00:56:15 -05:00

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# the Furnace file format (.fur)
while Furnace works directly with the .dmf format, I had to create a new format to handle future additions to the program.
this document has the goal of detailing the format.
**notice:** GitHub's Markdown formatter may break on this file as it doesn't seem to treat tables correctly.
# information
files may be zlib-compressed, but Furnace accepts uncompressed files as well.
all numbers are little-endian.
the following fields may be found in "size":
- `f` indicates a floating point number.
- `STR` is a UTF-8 zero-terminated string.
- `???` is an array of variable size.
- `S??` is an array of `STR`s.
- `1??` is an array of bytes.
- `2??` is an array of shorts.
- `4??` is an array of ints.
the format has changed several times across versions. a `(>=VER)` indicates this field is only present starting from format version `VER`, and `(<VER)` indicates this field is present only before version `VER`.
furthermore, an `or reserved` indicates this field is always present, but is reserved when the version condition is not met.
# format versions
the format versions are:
- 87: Furnace dev87
- 86: Furnace dev86
- 85: Furnace dev85
- 84: Furnace dev84
- 83: Furnace dev83
- 82: Furnace dev82
- 81: Furnace dev81
- 80: Furnace dev80
- 79: Furnace dev79
- 78: Furnace dev78
- 77: Furnace dev77
- 76: Furnace dev76
- 75: Furnace dev75/April Fools' 0.6pre0
- 74: Furnace dev74
- 73: Furnace dev73
- 72: Furnace dev72
- 71: Furnace dev71
- 70: Furnace dev70
- 69: Furnace dev69
- 68: Furnace dev68
- 67: Furnace dev67
- 66: Furnace dev66
- 65: Furnace dev65
- 64: Furnace dev64
- 63: Furnace dev63
- 62: Furnace dev62
- 61: Furnace dev61
- 60: Furnace dev60
- 59: Furnace dev59
- 58: Furnace dev58
- 57: Furnace dev57
- 54: Furnace 0.5.8
- 53: Furnace 0.5.7
- 52: Furnace 0.5.7pre4
- 51: Furnace 0.5.7pre3
- 50: Furnace 0.5.7pre2
- 49: Furnace 0.5.7pre1
- 48: Furnace 0.5.6
- 47: Furnace 0.5.6pre1
- 46: Furnace 0.5.5
- 45: Furnace 0.5.5pre3
- 44: Furnace 0.5.5pre2
- 43: Furnace 0.5.5pre1
- 42: Furnace 0.5.4
- 41: Furnace 0.5.3
- 40: Furnace 0.5.2
- 39: Furnace 0.5.2pre3
- 38: Furnace 0.5.2pre2
- 37: Furnace 0.5.2pre1
- 36: Furnace 0.5.1
- 35: Furnace 0.5
- 27: Furnace 0.4.6
- 26: Furnace 0.4.6pre1
- 25: Furnace 0.4.5
- 24: Furnace 0.4.4
- 23: Furnace 0.4.3
- 22: Furnace 0.4.2
- 21: Furnace 0.4.1
- 20: Furnace 0.4
- 19: Furnace 0.4pre3
- 18: Furnace 0.4pre2
- 17: Furnace 0.4pre1
- 16: Furnace 0.3.1
- 15: Furnace 0.3
- 14: Furnace 0.2.2
- 13: Furnace 0.2.1
- 12: Furnace 0.2
# header
the header is 32 bytes long.
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
16 | "-Furnace module-" format magic
2 | format version
2 | reserved
4 | song info pointer
8 | reserved
```
# song info
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "INFO" block ID
4 | reserved
1 | time base
1 | speed 1
1 | speed 2
1 | initial arpeggio time
4f | ticks per second
| - 60 is NTSC
| - 50 is PAL
2 | pattern length
| - the limit is 256.
2 | orders length
| - the limit is 256 (>=80) or 127 (<80).
1 | highlight A
1 | highlight B
2 | instrument count
| - the limit is 256.
2 | wavetable count
| - the limit is 256.
2 | sample count
| - the limit is 256.
4 | pattern count
32 | list of sound chips
| - possible soundchips:
| - 0x00: end of list
| - 0x01: YMU759 - 17 channels
| - 0x02: Genesis - 10 channels (compound!)
| - 0x03: SMS (SN76489) - 4 channels
| - 0x04: Game Boy - 4 channels
| - 0x05: PC Engine - 6 channels
| - 0x06: NES - 5 channels
| - 0x07: C64 (8580) - 3 channels
| - 0x08: Arcade (YM2151+SegaPCM) - 13 channels (compound!)
| - 0x09: Neo Geo CD (YM2610) - 13 channels
| - 0x42: Genesis extended - 13 channels
| - 0x43: SMS (SN76489) + OPLL (YM2413) - 13 channels (compound!)
| - 0x46: NES + VRC7 - 11 channels (compound!)
| - 0x47: C64 (6581) - 3 channels
| - 0x49: Neo Geo CD extended - 16 channels
| - 0x80: AY-3-8910 - 3 channels
| - 0x81: Amiga - 4 channels
| - 0x82: YM2151 alone - 8 channels
| - 0x83: YM2612 alone - 6 channels
| - 0x84: TIA - 2 channels
| - 0x85: VIC-20 - 4 channels
| - 0x86: PET - 1 channel
| - 0x87: SNES - 8 channels
| - 0x88: VRC6 - 3 channels
| - 0x89: OPLL (YM2413) - 9 channels
| - 0x8a: FDS - 1 channel
| - 0x8b: MMC5 - 3 channels
| - 0x8c: Namco 163 - 8 channels
| - 0x8d: OPN (YM2203) - 6 channels
| - 0x8e: PC-98 (YM2608) - 16 channels
| - 0x8f: OPL (YM3526) - 9 channels
| - 0x90: OPL2 (YM3812) - 9 channels
| - 0x91: OPL3 (YMF262) - 18 channels
| - 0x92: MultiPCM - 28 channels
| - 0x93: Intel 8253 (beeper) - 1 channel
| - 0x94: POKEY - 4 channels
| - 0x95: RF5C68 - 8 channels
| - 0x96: WonderSwan - 4 channels
| - 0x97: Philips SAA1099 - 6 channels
| - 0x98: OPZ (YM2414) - 8 channels
| - 0x99: Pokémon Mini - 1 channel
| - 0x9a: AY8930 - 3 channels
| - 0x9b: SegaPCM - 16 channels
| - 0x9c: Virtual Boy - 6 channels
| - 0x9d: VRC7 - 6 channels
| - 0x9e: YM2610B - 16 channels
| - 0x9f: ZX Spectrum (beeper) - 6 channels
| - 0xa0: YM2612 extended - 9 channels
| - 0xa1: Konami SCC - 5 channels
| - 0xa2: OPL drums (YM3526) - 11 channels
| - 0xa3: OPL2 drums (YM3812) - 11 channels
| - 0xa4: OPL3 drums (YMF262) - 20 channels
| - 0xa5: Neo Geo (YM2610) - 14 channels
| - 0xa6: Neo Geo extended (YM2610) - 17 channels
| - 0xa7: OPLL drums (YM2413) - 11 channels
| - 0xa8: Atari Lynx - 4 channels
| - 0xa9: SegaPCM (for DefleMask compatibility) - 5 channels
| - 0xaa: MSM6295 - 4 channels
| - 0xab: MSM6258 - 1 channel
| - 0xac: Commander X16 (VERA) - 17 channels
| - 0xad: Bubble System WSG - 2 channels
| - 0xae: OPL4 (YMF278B) - 42 channels
| - 0xaf: OPL4 drums (YMF278B) - 44 channels
| - 0xb0: Seta/Allumer X1-010 - 16 channels
| - 0xb1: Ensoniq ES5506 - 32 channels
| - 0xb2: Yamaha Y8950 - 10 channels
| - 0xb3: Yamaha Y8950 drums - 12 channels
| - 0xb4: Konami SCC+ - 5 channels
| - 0xb5: tildearrow Sound Unit - 8 channels
| - 0xde: YM2610B extended - 19 channels
| - 0xe0: QSound - 19 channels
| - 0xfd: Dummy System - 8 channels
| - 0xfe: reserved for development
| - 0xff: reserved for development
| - (compound!) means that the system is composed of two or more chips,
| and has to be flattened.
32 | sound chip volumes
| - signed char, 64=1.0, 127=~2.0
32 | sound chip panning
| - signed char, -128=left, 127=right
128 | sound chip parameters
STR | song name
STR | song author
4f | A-4 tuning
1 | limit slides (>=36) or reserved
1 | linear pitch (>=36) or reserved
1 | loop modality (>=36) or reserved
1 | proper noise layout (>=42) or reserved
1 | wave duty is volume (>=42) or reserved
1 | reset macro on porta (>=45) or reserved
1 | legacy volume slides (>=45) or reserved
1 | compatible arpeggio (>=45) or reserved
1 | note off resets slides (>=45) or reserved
1 | target resets slides (>=45) or reserved
1 | arpeggio inhibits portamento (>=47) or reserved
1 | wack algorithm macro (>=47) or reserved
1 | broken shortcut slides (>=49) or reserved
1 | ignore duplicate slides (>=50) or reserved
1 | stop portamento on note off (>=62) or reserved
1 | continuous vibrato (>=62) or reserved
1 | broken DAC mode (>=64) or reserved
1 | one tick cut (>=65) or reserved
1 | instrument change allowed during porta (>=66) or reserved
1 | reset note base on arpeggio effect stop (0000) (>=69) or reserved
4?? | pointers to instruments
4?? | pointers to wavetables
4?? | pointers to samples
4?? | pointers to patterns
??? | orders
| - a table of bytes
| - size=channels*ordLen
| - read orders then channels
| - the maximum value of a cell is FF (>=80) or 7F (<80).
??? | effect columns
| - size=channels
1?? | channel hide status
| - size=channels
1?? | channel collapse status
| - size=channels
S?? | channel names
| - a list of channelCount C strings
S?? | channel short names
| - same as above
STR | song comment
4f | master volume, 1.0f=100% (>=59)
| this is 2.0f for modules before 59
--- | **extended compatibility flags** (>=70)
1 | broken speed selection
1 | no slides on first tick (>=71) or reserved
1 | next row reset arp pos (>=71) or reserved
1 | ignore jump at end (>=71) or reserved
1 | buggy portamento after slide (>=72) or reserved
1 | new ins affects envelope (Game Boy) (>=72) or reserved
1 | ExtCh channel state is shared (>=78) or reserved
1 | ignore DAC mode change outside of intended channel (>=83) or reserved
1 | E1xx and E2xx also take priority over Slide00 (>=83) or reserved
1 | new Sega PCM (with macros and proper vol/pan) (>=84) or reserved
1 | weird f-num/block-based chip pitch slides (>=85) or reserved
1 | SN duty macro always resets phase (>=86) or reserved
20 | reserved
```
# instrument
notes:
- the entire instrument is stored, regardless of instrument type.
- the macro range varies depending on the instrument type.
- "macro open" indicates whether the macro is collapsed or not in the instrument editor.
- FM operator order is:
- 1/3/2/4 (internal order) for OPN, OPM, OPZ and OPL 4-op
- 1/2/?/? (? = unused) for OPL 2-op and OPLL
- meaning of extended macros varies depending on instrument type.
- meaning of panning macros varies depending on instrument type:
- for hard-panned chips (e.g. FM and Game Boy): left panning is 2-bit panning macro (left/right)
- otherwise both left and right panning macros are used
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "INST" block ID
4 | reserved
2 | format version (see header)
1 | instrument type
| - 0: standard
| - 1: FM (OPM/OPN)
| - 2: Game Boy
| - 3: C64
| - 4: Amiga/sample
| - 5: PC Engine
| - 6: AY-3-8910
| - 7: AY8930
| - 8: TIA
| - 9: SAA1099
| - 10: VIC
| - 11: PET
| - 12: VRC6
| - 13: OPLL
| - 14: OPL
| - 15: FDS
| - 16: Virtual Boy
| - 17: Namco 163
| - 18: SCC
| - 19: OPZ
| - 20: POKEY
| - 21: PC Speaker
| - 22: WonderSwan
| - 23: Lynx
| - 24: VERA
| - 25: X1-010
| - 26: VRC6 (saw)
| - 27: ES5506
| - 28: MultiPCM
| - 29: SNES
| - 30: Sound Unit
1 | reserved
STR | instrument name
--- | **FM instrument data**
1 | alg (SUS on OPLL)
1 | feedback
1 | fms (DC on OPLL)
1 | ams (DM on OPLL)
1 | operator count
| - this is either 2 or 4, and is ignored on non-OPL systems.
| - always read 4 ops regardless of this value.
1 | OPLL preset (>=60) or reserved
| - 0: custom
| - 1-15: pre-defined patches
| - 16: drums (compatibility only!)
2 | reserved
--- | **FM operator data** × 4
1 | am
1 | ar
1 | dr
1 | mult
1 | rr
1 | sl
1 | tl
1 | dt2
1 | rs
1 | dt
1 | d2r
1 | ssgEnv
| - bit 4: on (EG-S on OPLL)
| - bit 0-3: envelope type
1 | dam (for YMU759 compat; REV on OPZ)
1 | dvb (for YMU759 compat; FINE on OPZ)
1 | egt (for YMU759 compat; FixedFreq on OPZ)
1 | ksl (EGShift on OPZ)
1 | sus
1 | vib
1 | ws
1 | ksr
12 | reserved
--- | **Game Boy instrument data**
1 | volume
1 | direction
1 | length
1 | sound length
--- | **C64 instrument data**
1 | triangle
1 | saw
1 | pulse
1 | noise
1 | attack
1 | decay
1 | sustain
1 | release
2 | duty
1 | ring mod
1 | osc sync
1 | to filter
1 | init filter
1 | vol macro is cutoff
1 | resonance
1 | low pass
1 | band pass
1 | high pass
1 | channel 3 off
2 | cutoff
1 | duty macro is absolute
1 | filter macro is absolute
--- | **Amiga instrument data**
2 | initial sample
1 | mode (>=82) or reserved
| - 0: sample
| - 1: wavetable
1 | wavetable length (-1) (>=82) or reserved
12 | reserved
--- | **standard instrument data**
4 | volume macro length
4 | arp macro length
4 | duty macro length
4 | wave macro length
4 | pitch macro length (>=17)
4 | extra 1 macro length (>=17)
4 | extra 2 macro length (>=17)
4 | extra 3 macro length (>=17)
4 | volume macro loop
4 | arp macro loop
4 | duty macro loop
4 | wave macro loop
4 | pitch macro loop (>=17)
4 | extra 1 macro loop (>=17)
4 | extra 2 macro loop (>=17)
4 | extra 3 macro loop (>=17)
1 | arp macro mode
1 | reserved (>=17) or volume macro height (>=15) or reserved
1 | reserved (>=17) or duty macro height (>=15) or reserved
1 | reserved (>=17) or wave macro height (>=15) or reserved
4?? | volume macro
| - before version 87, if this is the C64 relative cutoff macro, its values were stored offset by 18.
4?? | arp macro
| - before version 31, this macro's values were stored offset by 12.
4?? | duty macro
| - before version 87, if this is the C64 relative duty macro, its values were stored offset by 12.
4?? | wave macro
4?? | pitch macro (>=17)
4?? | extra 1 macro (>=17)
4?? | extra 2 macro (>=17)
4?? | extra 3 macro (>=17)
4 | alg macro length (>=29)
4 | fb macro length (>=29)
4 | fms macro length (>=29)
4 | ams macro length (>=29)
4 | alg macro loop (>=29)
4 | fb macro loop (>=29)
4 | fms macro loop (>=29)
4 | ams macro loop (>=29)
1 | volume macro open (>=29)
1 | arp macro open (>=29)
1 | duty macro open (>=29)
1 | wave macro open (>=29)
1 | pitch macro open (>=29)
1 | extra 1 macro open (>=29)
1 | extra 2 macro open (>=29)
1 | extra 3 macro open (>=29)
1 | alg macro open (>=29)
1 | fb macro open (>=29)
1 | fms macro open (>=29)
1 | ams macro open (>=29)
4?? | alg macro (>=29)
4?? | fb macro (>=29)
4?? | fms macro (>=29)
4?? | ams macro (>=29)
--- | **operator macro headers** × 4 (>=29)
4 | AM macro length
4 | AR macro length
4 | DR macro length
4 | MULT macro length
4 | RR macro length
4 | SL macro length
4 | TL macro length
4 | DT2 macro length
4 | RS macro length
4 | DT macro length
4 | D2R macro length
4 | SSG-EG macro length
4 | AM macro loop
4 | AR macro loop
4 | DR macro loop
4 | MULT macro loop
4 | RR macro loop
4 | SL macro loop
4 | TL macro loop
4 | DT2 macro loop
4 | RS macro loop
4 | DT macro loop
4 | D2R macro loop
4 | SSG-EG macro loop
1 | AM macro open
1 | AR macro open
1 | DR macro open
1 | MULT macro open
1 | RR macro open
1 | SL macro open
1 | TL macro open
1 | DT2 macro open
1 | RS macro open
1 | DT macro open
1 | D2R macro open
1 | SSG-EG macro open
--- | **operator macros** × 4 (>=29)
1?? | AM macro
1?? | AR macro
1?? | DR macro
1?? | MULT macro
1?? | RR macro
1?? | SL macro
1?? | TL macro
1?? | DT2 macro
1?? | RS macro
1?? | DT macro
1?? | D2R macro
1?? | SSG-EG macro
--- | **release points** (>=44)
4 | volume macro release
4 | arp macro release
4 | duty macro release
4 | wave macro release
4 | pitch macro release
4 | extra 1 macro release
4 | extra 2 macro release
4 | extra 3 macro release
4 | alg macro release
4 | fb macro release
4 | fms macro release
4 | ams macro release
--- | **operator release points** × 4 (>=44)
4 | AM macro release
4 | AR macro release
4 | DR macro release
4 | MULT macro release
4 | RR macro release
4 | SL macro release
4 | TL macro release
4 | DT2 macro release
4 | RS macro release
4 | DT macro release
4 | D2R macro release
4 | SSG-EG macro release
--- | **extended op macro headers** × 4 (>=61)
4 | DAM macro length
4 | DVB macro length
4 | EGT macro length
4 | KSL macro length
4 | SUS macro length
4 | VIB macro length
4 | WS macro length
4 | KSR macro length
4 | DAM macro loop
4 | DVB macro loop
4 | EGT macro loop
4 | KSL macro loop
4 | SUS macro loop
4 | VIB macro loop
4 | WS macro loop
4 | KSR macro loop
4 | DAM macro release
4 | DVB macro release
4 | EGT macro release
4 | KSL macro release
4 | SUS macro release
4 | VIB macro release
4 | WS macro release
4 | KSR macro release
1 | DAM macro open
1 | DVB macro open
1 | EGT macro open
1 | KSL macro open
1 | SUS macro open
1 | VIB macro open
1 | WS macro open
1 | KSR macro open
--- | **extended op macros** × 4 (>=61)
1?? | DAM macro
1?? | DVB macro
1?? | EGT macro
1?? | KSL macro
1?? | SUS macro
1?? | VIB macro
1?? | WS macro
1?? | KSR macro
--- | **OPL drums mode data** (>=63)
1 | fixed frequency mode
1 | reserved
2 | kick frequency
2 | snare/hi-hat frequency
2 | tom/top frequency
--- | **Sample instrument extra data** (>=67)
1 | use note map
| - only read the following two data structures if this is true!
4?? | note frequency × 120
| - 480 bytes
2?? | note sample × 120
| - 240 bytes
--- | **Namco 163 data** (>=73)
4 | initial waveform
1 | wave position
1 | wave length
1 | wave mode:
| - bit 1: update on change
| - bit 0: load on playback
1 | reserved
--- | **even more macros** (>=76)
4 | left panning macro length
4 | right panning macro length
4 | phase reset macro length
4 | extra 4 macro length
4 | extra 5 macro length
4 | extra 6 macro length
4 | extra 7 macro length
4 | extra 8 macro length
4 | left panning macro loop
4 | right panning macro loop
4 | phase reset macro loop
4 | extra 4 macro loop
4 | extra 5 macro loop
4 | extra 6 macro loop
4 | extra 7 macro loop
4 | extra 8 macro loop
4 | left panning macro release
4 | right panning macro release
4 | phase reset macro release
4 | extra 4 macro release
4 | extra 5 macro release
4 | extra 6 macro release
4 | extra 7 macro release
4 | extra 8 macro release
1 | left panning macro open
1 | right panning macro open
1 | phase reset macro open
1 | extra 4 macro open
1 | extra 5 macro open
1 | extra 6 macro open
1 | extra 7 macro open
1 | extra 8 macro open
--- | **even more macro data** (>=76)
4?? | left panning macro
4?? | right panning macro
4?? | phase reset macro
4?? | extra 4 macro
4?? | extra 5 macro
4?? | extra 6 macro
4?? | extra 7 macro
4?? | extra 8 macro
--- | **FDS instrument data** (>=76)
4 | modulation speed
4 | modulation depth
1 | init modulation table with first wave
3 | reserved
32 | modulation table
--- | **OPZ instrument extra data** (>=77)
1 | fms2
1 | ams2
--- | **wavetable synth data** (>=79)
4 | first wave
4 | second wave
1 | rate divider
1 | effect
| - bit 7: single or dual effect
1 | enabled
1 | global
1 | speed (+1)
1 | parameter 1
1 | parameter 2
1 | parameter 3
1 | parameter 4
```
# wavetable
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "WAVE" block ID
4 | reserved
STR | wavetable name
4 | wavetable size
4 | wavetable min
4 | wavetable max
4?? | wavetable data
```
# sample
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "SMPL" block ID
4 | reserved
STR | sample name
4 | length
4 | rate
2 | volume (<58) or reserved
2 | pitch (<58) or reserved
1 | depth
| - 0: ZX Spectrum overlay drum (1-bit)
| - 1: 1-bit NES DPCM (1-bit)
| - 4: QSound ADPCM
| - 5: ADPCM-A
| - 6: ADPCM-B
| - 7: X68000 ADPCM
| - 8: 8-bit PCM
| - 9: BRR (SNES)
| - 10: VOX
| - 16: 16-bit PCM
1 | reserved
2 | C-4 rate (>=32) or reserved
4 | loop point (>=19) or reserved
| - -1 means no loop
??? | sample data
| - version<58 size is length*2
| - version>=58 size is length
```
# pattern
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
4 | "PATR" block ID
4 | reserved
2 | channel
2 | pattern index
4 | reserved
??? | pattern data
| - size: rows*(4+effectColumns*2)*2
| - read shorts in this order:
| - note
| - 0: empty/invalid
| - 1: C#
| - 2: D
| - 3: D#
| - 4: E
| - 5: F
| - 6: F#
| - 7: G
| - 8: G#
| - 9: A
| - 10: A#
| - 11: B
| - 12: C (of next octave)
| - this is actually a leftover of the .dmf format.
| - 100: note off
| - 100: note release
| - 100: macro release
| - octave
| - this is an signed char stored in a short.
| - therefore octave value 255 is actually octave -1.
| - yep, another leftover of the .dmf format...
| - instrument
| - volume
| - effect and effect data (× effect columns)
| - for note/octave, if both values are 0 then it means empty.
| - for instrument, volume, effect and effect data, a value of -1 means empty.
STR | pattern name (>=51)
```
# the Furnace instrument format (.fui)
the instrument format is pretty similar to the file format, but it also stores wavetables and samples used by the instrument.
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
16 | "-Furnace instr.-" format magic
2 | format version
2 | reserved
4 | pointer to instrument data
2 | wavetable count
2 | sample count
4 | reserved
4?? | pointers to wavetables
4?? | pointers to samples
```
instrument data follows.
# the Furnace wavetable format (.fuw)
similar to the instrument format...
```
size | description
-----|------------------------------------
16 | "-Furnace waveta-" format magic
2 | format version
2 | reserved
```
wavetable data follows.
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