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some docs improvemets
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the YM2413, otherwise known as OPLL, is a cost-reduced FM synthesis sound chip, based on the Yamaha YM3812 (OPL2). thought OPL was downgraded enough? :p
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the YM2413, otherwise known as OPLL, is a cost-reduced FM synthesis sound chip, based on the Yamaha YM3812 (OPL2). thought OPL was downgraded enough? :p
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OPLL spawned also a few derivative chips, the best known of these is:
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- the myth. the legend. THE VRC7. 6 channels, *rather interesting* instruments sound bank, no drums mode
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- Yamaha YM2423, same chip as YM2413, just a different patch set
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- Yamaha YMF281, ditto
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# technical specifications
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# technical specifications
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the YM2413 is equipped with the following features:
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the YM2413 is equipped with the following features:
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# Philips SAA1099
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# Philips SAA1099
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this was used by the Game Blaster and SAM Coupé. it's pretty similar to the AY-3-8910, but has stereo sound, twice the channels and two envelopes, both of which are highly flexible.
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this was used by the Game Blaster and SAM Coupé. it's pretty similar to the AY-3-8910, stereo sound, twice the channels and two envelopes, both of which are highly flexible. The envelopes work like this:
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an instrument with envelope settings is placed on channel 2 or channel 5
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an instrument that is used as an "envelope output", is placed on channel 3 or channel 6. You may want to disable wave output on the output channel.
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# effects
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# effects
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the chip has 2 pulse wave channels and one sawtooth channel.
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the chip has 2 pulse wave channels and one sawtooth channel.
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volume register is 4 bit for pulse wave and 6 bit for sawtooth, but sawtooth output is corrupted when volume register value is too high. because this register is actually an 8 bit accumulator, its output may wrap around.
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volume register is 4 bit for pulse wave and 6 bit for sawtooth, but sawtooth output is corrupted when volume register value is too high. because this register is actually an 8 bit accumulator, its output may wrap around.
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For that reason, the sawtooth channel has it's own instrument type. Setting volume macro and pattern editor volume setting too high (above 42/2A) will distort the waveform.
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pulse wave duty cycle is 8-level. it can be ignored and it has potential for DAC at this case: volume register in this mode is DAC output and it can be PCM playback through this mode.
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pulse wave duty cycle is 8-level. it can be ignored and it has potential for DAC at this case: volume register in this mode is DAC output and it can be PCM playback through this mode.
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Furnace supports this routine for PCM playback, but it consumes a lot of CPU time in real hardware (even if conjunction with VRC6's integrated IRQ timer).
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Furnace supports this routine for PCM playback, but it consumes a lot of CPU time in real hardware (even if conjunction with VRC6's integrated IRQ timer).
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66
papers/doc/effects.md
Normal file
66
papers/doc/effects.md
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# effect list
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most of the effect numbers are from ProTracker/FastTracker 2.
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however, effects are continuous, which means you only need to type it once and then stop it with an effect value of `00`.
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- `00xy`: arpeggio. after using this effect the channel will rapidly switch between `note`, `note+x` and `note+y`.
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- `01xx`: slide up.
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- `02xx`: slide down.
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- `03xx`: note portamento.
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- a note must be present for this effect to work.
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- `04xy`: vibrato. `x` is the speed, while `y` is the depth.
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- maximum vibrato depth is ±1 semitone.
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- `07xy`: tremolo. `x` is the speed, while `y` is the depth.
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- maximum tremolo depth is -60 volume steps.
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- `08xy`: set panning. `x` is the left channel and `y` is the right one.
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- not all systems support this effect.
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- `09xx`: set speed 1.
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- `0Axy`: volume slide.
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- if `x` is 0 then this is a slide down.
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- if `y` is 0 then this is a slide up.
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- `0Bxx`: jump to pattern.
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- `0Cxx`: retrigger note every `xx` ticks.
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- this effect is not continuous.
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- `0Dxx`: jump to next pattern.
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- `0Fxx`: set speed 2.
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- `9xxx`: set sample position to `xxx`\*0x100.
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- not all systems support this effect.
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- `Cxxx`: change song Hz.
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- `xxx` may be from `000` to `3ff`.
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- `E0xx`: set arpeggio tick.
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- this sets the number of ticks between arpeggio values.
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- `E1xy`: note slide up. `x` is the speed, while `y` is how many semitones to slide up.
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- `E2xy`: note slide down. `x` is the speed, while `y` is how many semitones to slide down.
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- `E3xx`: set vibrato direction. `xx` may be one of the following:
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- `00`: up and down.
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- `01`: up only.
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- `02`: down only.
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- `E4xx`: set vibrato range in 1/16th of a semitone.
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- `E5xx`: set pitch. `80` is 0 cents.
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- range is ±1 semitone.
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- `EAxx`: toggle legato.
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- `EBxx`: set sample bank.
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- does not apply on Amiga.
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- `ECxx`: note off after `xx` ticks.
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- `EDxx`: delay note by `xx` ticks.
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- `EExx`: send external command.
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- this effect is currently incomplete.
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- `EFxx`: add or subtract global pitch.
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- this effect is rather weird. use with caution.
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- `80` is center.
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- `F0xx`: change song Hz by BPM value.
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- `F1xx`: single tick slide up.
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- `F2xx`: single tick slide down.
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- `F3xx`: fine volume slide up (64x slower than `0Axy`).
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- `F4xx`: fine volume slide down (64x slower than `0Axy`).
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- `F8xx`: single tick volume slide up.
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- `F9xx`: single tick volume slide down.
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- `FAxy`: fast volume slide (4x faster than `0Axy`).
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- if `x` is 0 then this is a slide down.
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- if `y` is 0 then this is a slide up.
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- `FFxx`: end of song/stop playback.
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additionally each system has its own effects. [click here for more details](../7-systems/README.md).
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