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ESFM: documentation
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doc/4-instrument/fm-esfm.md
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doc/4-instrument/fm-esfm.md
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# ESFM instrument editor
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the ESFM editor is divided into 6 tabs:
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- **FM**: for controlling the basic parameters of FM sound source.
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- **Macros (OP1)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 1.
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- **Macros (OP2)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 2.
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- **Macros (OP3)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 3.
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- **Macros (OP4)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 4.
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- **Macros**: for other macros (volume/arp/pitch/pan/noise mode).
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## FM
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ESFM is four-operator, but it is different from the rest of FM chips.
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the concept of an algorithm does not exist in ESFM. instead, modulation routing is arbitrary, with each operator having output level and modulation input parameters.
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these apply to the instrument as a whole:
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- **OP4 Noise Mode**: determines the mode used to produce noise in operator 4.
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- Normal: noise is disabled.
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- Snare: takes the snare noise generation mode from OPL. square + noise.
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- HiHat: ring modulates with operator 3 and adds noise.
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- Top: ring modulates with operator 3 and double pitch modulation input.
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- this mode is not emulated correctly. subject to change!
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these apply to each operator:
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- the crossed-arrows button can be dragged to rearrange operators.
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- **Amplitude Modulation (AM)**: makes the operator affected by LFO tremolo.
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- **Sustain flag (SUS)**: when enabled, value of Sustain Level is in effect.
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- **AM Depth (AMD)**: when enabled, LFO tremolo is deeper.
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- **Attack Rate (AR)**: determines the rising time for the sound. the bigger the value, the faster the attack (0 to 15).
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- **Decay Rate (DR)**: determines the diminishing time for the sound. the higher the value, the shorter the decay. it's the initial amplitude decay rate (0 to 15).
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- **Sustain Level (SL)**: determines the point at which the sound ceases to decay and changes to a sound having a constant level. the sustain level is expressed as a fraction of the maximum level (0 to 15).
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- **Release Rate (RR)**: determines the rate at which the sound disappears after note off. the higher the value, the shorter the release (0 to 15).
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- **Total Level (TL)**: represents the envelope’s highest amplitude, with 0 being the largest and 63 (decimal) the smallest. a change of one unit is about 0.75 dB.
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- **Output Level (OL)**: determines the volume at which the operator will be output.
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- **Modulation Input (MI)**: determines how much to take from the previous operator for modulation.
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- this controls feedback level in the case of operator 1.
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- **Key Scale Level (KSL)**: also known as "Level Scale". determines the degree to which the amplitude decreases according to the pitch.
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- **Key Scale Rate (KSR)**: also known as "Rate Scale". determines the degree to which the envelope execution speed increases according to the pitch.
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- **Frequency Multiplier (MULT)**: sets the coarse pitch offset in relation to the note (0 to 15). 0 is -1 octave, 1 is 0 octaves, 2 is 1 octave, 3 is 1 octave 7 semitones, and so on.
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- note that values 11, 13 and 14 behave as 10, 12 and 12 respectively.
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- **Waveform Select (WS)**: changes the waveform of the operator (0 to 7).
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- **Vibrato (VIB)**: makes the operator affected by LFO vibrato.
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- **FM Depth (FMD)**: when enabled, vibrato is deeper.
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- **Tune**: sets the coarse tune of the operator.
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- **Detune**: sets the fine tune of the operator.
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- **Left (L)**: output on the left channel.
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- **Right (R)**: output on the right channel.
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### fixed frequency mode
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each operator has a Fixed Frequency mode. once enabled, the operator runs at the specified frequency regardless of the note.
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## macros
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these macros allow you to control several parameters of FM per tick.
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## OP1-OP4 Macros
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all parameters are listed above.
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## Macros
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- **Volume**: volume sequence.
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- **Arpeggio**: pitch sequence.
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- **OP4 Noise Mode**: noise mode sequence.
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- **Panning**: enables output on left/right channels.
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- **Pitch**: fine pitch.
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- **Relative**: when enabled, pitch changes are relative to the current pitch.
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- **Phase Reset**: restarts all operators and resets the waveform to its start.
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101
doc/7-systems/esfm.md
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doc/7-systems/esfm.md
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# ESS ESFM
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an enhanced version of Yamaha's OPL3, adding many features which weren't present on the original chip, such as 4-op on all channels, coarse/fine detune, per-op panning, envelope delay, noise generator and advanced modulation routing (no more algorithms!).
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the technology was present in many of ESS' sound cards (the ES1xxx series in particular).
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## effects
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- `10xy`: **set AM depth.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is either `0` (1dB, shallow) or `1` (4.8dB, deep).
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- `12xx`: **set operator 1 level.**
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- `13xx`: **set operator 2 level.**
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- `14xx`: **set operator 3 level.**
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- `15xx`: **set operator 4 level.**
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- `16xy`: **set multiplier of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator (1-4).
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- `y` is the new MULT value..
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- `17xy`: **set vibrato depth.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is either `0` (normal) or `1` (double).
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- `19xx`: **set attack of all operators.**
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- `1Axx`: **set attack of operator 1.**
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- `1Bxx`: **set attack of operator 2.**
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- `1Cxx`: **set attack of operator 3.**
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- `1Dxx`: **set attack of operator 4.**
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- `20xy`: **set panning of operator 1.**
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- `x` determines whether to output on left.
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- `y` determines whether to output on right.
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- `21xy`: **set panning of operator 2.**
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- `x` determines whether to output on left.
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- `y` determines whether to output on right.
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- `22xy`: **set panning of operator 3.**
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- `x` determines whether to output on left.
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- `y` determines whether to output on right.
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- `23xy`: **set panning of operator 4.**
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- `x` determines whether to output on left.
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- `y` determines whether to output on right.
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- `24xy`: **set output level of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `25xy`: **set modulation input level of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `26xy`: **set envelope delay of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `27xx`: **set operator 4 noise mode.**
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- `0`: noise off
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- `1`: square + noise
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- `2`: ring mod from operator 3 + noise
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- `3`: ring mod from operator 3 + double pitch modulation input
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- note: emulation issues. subject to change!
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- `2Axy`: **set waveform of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `2Exx`: **enable envelope hard reset.**
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- `2Fxy`: **set fixed frequency block (octave).**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4.
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- `y` is the block/octave from 0 to 7.
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- `3xyy`: **set fixed frequency f-num.**
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- `x` contains operator number and high bits of f-num may be any of the following:
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- `0` to `3` for operator 1
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- `4` to `7` for operator 2
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- `8` to `B` for operator 3
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- `C` to `F` for operator 4
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- `y` are the lower bits of f-num.
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- `40xx`: **set operator 1 detune.**
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- `41xx`: **set operator 1 detune.**
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- `42xx`: **set operator 1 detune.**
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- `43xx`: **set operator 1 detune.**
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- `50xy`: **set AM of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether AM is on.
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- `51xy`: **set SL of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `52xy`: **set RR of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `53xy`: **set VIB of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether VIB is on.
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- `54xy`: **set KSL of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `55xy`: **set SUS of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether SUS is on.
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- `56xx`: **set DR of all operators.**
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- `57xx`: **set DR of operator 1.**
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- `58xx`: **set DR of operator 2.**
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- `59xx`: **set DR of operator 3.**
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- `5Axx`: **set DR of operator 4.**
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- `5Bxy`: **set KSR of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether KSR is on.
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## info
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this chip uses the [FM (ESFM)](../4-instrument/fm-esfm.md) instrument editor.
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