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# Yamaha OPL
a series of FM sound chips which were very popular in DOS land. it was so popular that even Yamaha made a logo for it!
essentially a downgraded version of Yamaha's other FM chips, with only 2 operators per channel.
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however, it also had a [drums mode ](opll.md ), and later chips in the series added more waveforms (than just the typical sine) and even a 4-operator mode.
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the original OPL (Yamaha YM3526) was present as an expansion for the Commodore 64 and MSX computers (erm, a variant of it). it only had 9 two-operator channels and drums mode.
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its successor, the OPL2 (Yamaha YM3812), added 3 more waveforms and was one of the more popular chips because it was present on the AdLib card for PC.
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later Creative would borrow the chip to make the Sound Blaster, and totally destroyed AdLib's dominance.
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the OPL3 (Yamaha YMF262) added 9 more channels, 4 more waveforms, rudimentary 4-operator mode (pairing up to 12 channels to make up to six 4-operator channels), quadraphonic output and some other things.
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afterwards everyone moved to Windows and software mixed PCM streaming...
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## effects
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- `10xx` : **set AM depth.** the following values are accepted:
- `0` : 1dB (shallow)
- `1` : 4.8dB (deep)
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- this effect applies to all channels.
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- `11xx` : **set feedback of channel.**
- `12xx` : **set operator 1 level.**
- `13xx` : **set operator 2 level.**
- `14xx` : **set operator 3 level.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `15xx` : **set operator 4 level.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `16xy` : **set multiplier of operator.**
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- `x` is the operator (1-4; last 2 operators only in 4-op mode).
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- `y` is the new MULT value..
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- `17xx` : **set vibrato depth.**
- `0` : normal
- `1` : double
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- this effect applies to all channels.
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- `18xx` : **toggle drums mode.**
- `0` disables it and `1` enables it.
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- only in drums chip.
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- `19xx` : **set attack of all operators.**
- `1Axx` : **set attack of operator 1.**
- `1Bxx` : **set attack of operator 2.**
- `1Cxx` : **set attack of operator 3.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `1Dxx` : **set attack of operator 4.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `2Axy` : **set waveform of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
- only in OPL2 or higher.
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- `30xx` : **enable envelope hard reset.**
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- this works by inserting a quick release and tiny delay before a new note.
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- `50xy` : **set AM of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether AM is on.
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- `51xy` : **set SL of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `52xy` : **set RR of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `53xy` : **set VIB of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether VIB is on.
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- `54xy` : **set KSL of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` is the value.
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- `55xy` : **set SUS of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether SUS is on.
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- `56xx` : **set DR of all operators.**
- `57xx` : **set DR of operator 1.**
- `58xx` : **set DR of operator 2.**
- `59xx` : **set DR of operator 3.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `5Axx` : **set DR of operator 4.**
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- only in 4-op mode (OPL3).
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- `5Bxy` : **set KSR of operator.**
- `x` is the operator from 1 to 4; the last 2 operators only work in 4-op mode. a value of `0` means "all operators".
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- `y` determines whether KSR is on.
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## info
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this chip uses the [FM (OPL) ](../4-instrument/fm-opl.md ) instrument editor.
