diff --git a/include/Scrape.php b/include/Scrape.php
index 141c90dcf..b20d7d604 100644
--- a/include/Scrape.php
+++ b/include/Scrape.php
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ function probe_url($url, $mode = PROBE_NORMAL) {
 			logger('probe_url: fetch feed: ' . $poll . ' returns: ' . $xml, LOGGER_DATA);
 			$a = get_app();
 
-			logger('probe_url: scrape_feed: headers: ' . $a->get_curl_headers(), $LOGGER_DATA);
+			logger('probe_url: scrape_feed: headers: ' . $a->get_curl_headers(), LOGGER_DATA);
 
    			$feed->set_raw_data($xml);
 
diff --git a/include/conversation.php b/include/conversation.php
index e5549a9c1..1b869b91e 100644
--- a/include/conversation.php
+++ b/include/conversation.php
@@ -342,7 +342,6 @@ function conversation(&$a, $items, $mode, $update, $preview = false) {
 					'body' => template_escape($body),
 					'text' => strip_tags(template_escape($body)),
 					'ago' => (($item['app']) ? sprintf( t('%s from %s'),relative_date($item['created']),$item['app']) : relative_date($item['created'])),
-					'lock' => $lock,
 					'location' => template_escape($location),
 					'indent' => '',
 					'owner_name' => template_escape($owner_name),
@@ -400,6 +399,7 @@ function conversation(&$a, $items, $mode, $update, $preview = false) {
 			}
 
 			$comments_collapsed = false;
+			$comments_seen = 0;
 			$comment_lastcollapsed = false;
 			$comment_firstcollapsed = false;
 			$blowhard = 0;
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ function conversation(&$a, $items, $mode, $update, $preview = false) {
 	}
 
 	$page_template = get_markup_template("conversation.tpl");
-	$o .= replace_macros($page_template, array(
+	$o = replace_macros($page_template, array(
 		'$baseurl' => $a->get_baseurl($ssl_state),
 		'$mode' => $mode,
 		'$user' => $a->user,
@@ -1074,7 +1074,6 @@ function find_thread_parent_index($arr,$x) {
 }
 
 function render_location_google($item) {
-	$location = '';
 	$location = (($item['location']) ? '<a target="map" title="' . $item['location'] . '" href="http://maps.google.com/?q=' . urlencode($item['location']) . '">' . $item['location'] . '</a>' : '');
 	$coord = (($item['coord']) ? '<a target="map" title="' . $item['coord'] . '" href="http://maps.google.com/?q=' . urlencode($item['coord']) . '">' . $item['coord'] . '</a>' : '');
 	if($coord) {
diff --git a/include/items.php b/include/items.php
index e005ffaef..63450cff5 100644
--- a/include/items.php
+++ b/include/items.php
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ function get_feed_for(&$a, $dfrn_id, $owner_nick, $last_update, $direction = 0)
 	if(! strlen($last_update))
 		$last_update = 'now -30 days';
 
-	if(x($category)) {
+	if(isset($category)) {
 		$sql_extra .= file_tag_file_query('item',$category,'category');
 	}
 
@@ -588,20 +588,21 @@ function get_atom_elements($feed,$item) {
 
 	if($rawobj) {
 		$res['object'] = '<object>' . "\n";
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data']) {
-			$res['object-type'] = $rawobj[0]['child'][NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data'];
-			$res['object'] .= '<type>' . $rawobj[0]['child'][NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data'] . '</type>' . "\n";
+		$child = $rawobj[0]['child'];
+		if($child[NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data']) {
+			$res['object-type'] = $child[NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data'];
+			$res['object'] .= '<type>' . $child[NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data'] . '</type>' . "\n";
 		}	
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'])
-			$res['object'] .= '<id>' . $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'] . '</id>' . "\n";
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link'])
-			$res['object'] .= '<link>' . encode_rel_links($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link']) . '</link>' . "\n";
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'])
-			$res['object'] .= '<title>' . $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'] . '</title>' . "\n";
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data']) {
-			$body = $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data'];
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'id') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'])
+			$res['object'] .= '<id>' . $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'] . '</id>' . "\n";
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'link') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link'])
+			$res['object'] .= '<link>' . encode_rel_links($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link']) . '</link>' . "\n";
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'title') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'])
+			$res['object'] .= '<title>' . $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'] . '</title>' . "\n";
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'content') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data']) {
+			$body = $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data'];
 			if(! $body)
-				$body = $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['summary'][0]['data'];
+				$body = $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['summary'][0]['data'];
 			// preserve a copy of the original body content in case we later need to parse out any microformat information, e.g. events
 			$res['object'] .= '<orig>' . xmlify($body) . '</orig>' . "\n";
 			if((strpos($body,'<') !== false) || (strpos($body,'>') !== false)) {
@@ -626,20 +627,20 @@ function get_atom_elements($feed,$item) {
 
 	if($rawobj) {
 		$res['target'] = '<target>' . "\n";
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data']) {
-			$res['target'] .= '<type>' . $rawobj[0]['child'][NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data'] . '</type>' . "\n";
+		$child = $rawobj[0]['child'];
+		if($child[NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data']) {
+			$res['target'] .= '<type>' . $child[NAMESPACE_ACTIVITY]['object-type'][0]['data'] . '</type>' . "\n";
 		}	
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'])
-			$res['target'] .= '<id>' . $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'] . '</id>' . "\n";
-
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link'])
-			$res['target'] .= '<link>' . encode_rel_links($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link']) . '</link>' . "\n";
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'])
-			$res['target'] .= '<title>' . $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'] . '</title>' . "\n";
-		if($rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data']) {
-			$body = $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data'];
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'id') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'])
+			$res['target'] .= '<id>' . $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['id'][0]['data'] . '</id>' . "\n";
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'link') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link'])
+			$res['target'] .= '<link>' . encode_rel_links($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['link']) . '</link>' . "\n";
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'data') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'])
+			$res['target'] .= '<title>' . $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['title'][0]['data'] . '</title>' . "\n";
+		if(x($child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10], 'data') && $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data']) {
+			$body = $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['content'][0]['data'];
 			if(! $body)
-				$body = $rawobj[0]['child'][SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['summary'][0]['data'];
+				$body = $child[SIMPLEPIE_NAMESPACE_ATOM_10]['summary'][0]['data'];
 			// preserve a copy of the original body content in case we later need to parse out any microformat information, e.g. events
 			$res['target'] .= '<orig>' . xmlify($body) . '</orig>' . "\n";
 			if((strpos($body,'<') !== false) || (strpos($body,'>') !== false)) {
@@ -2476,7 +2477,7 @@ function local_delivery($importer,$data) {
 
 				// find out if our user is involved in this conversation and wants to be notified.
 			
-				if($datarray['type'] != 'activity') {
+				if(!x($datarray['type']) || $datarray['type'] != 'activity') {
 
 					$myconv = q("SELECT `author-link`, `author-avatar`, `parent` FROM `item` WHERE `parent-uri` = '%s' AND `uid` = %d AND `parent` != 0 ",
 						dbesc($parent_uri),
@@ -3048,7 +3049,7 @@ function item_expire($uid,$days) {
 function drop_items($items) {
 	$uid = 0;
 
-	if((! local_user()) && (! $remote_user()))
+	if(! local_user() && ! remote_user())
 		return;
 
 	if(count($items)) {
diff --git a/include/network.php b/include/network.php
index 8c678a443..4bec4a172 100644
--- a/include/network.php
+++ b/include/network.php
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ function post_url($url,$params, $headers = null, &$redirects = 0, $timeout = 0)
         $url_parsed = @parse_url($newurl);
         if (isset($url_parsed)) {
             $redirects++;
-            return fetch_url($newurl,$binary,$redirects,$timeout);
+            return fetch_url($newurl,false,$redirects,$timeout);
         }
     }
 	$a->set_curl_code($http_code);
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ function xml_status($st, $message = '') {
 if(! function_exists('http_status_exit')) {
 function http_status_exit($val) {
 
+    $err = '';
 	if($val >= 400)
 		$err = 'Error';
 	if($val >= 200 && $val < 300)
@@ -452,7 +453,7 @@ function lrdd($uri, $debug = false) {
 			logger('lrdd: parse error: ' . $e);
 		}
 
-		if($dom) {
+		if(isset($dom) && $dom) {
 			$items = $dom->getElementsByTagName('link');
 			foreach($items as $item) {
 				$x = $item->getAttribute('rel');
diff --git a/include/pgettext.php b/include/pgettext.php
index 83e76ba9d..a079a4687 100644
--- a/include/pgettext.php
+++ b/include/pgettext.php
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ function get_language() {
 	if(isset($preferred))
 		return $preferred;
 
+    $a = get_app();
 	return ((isset($a->config['system']['language'])) ? $a->config['system']['language'] : 'en');
 }}
 
diff --git a/include/profile_advanced.php b/include/profile_advanced.php
index 004a58524..bb9850cd0 100644
--- a/include/profile_advanced.php
+++ b/include/profile_advanced.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 function advanced_profile(&$a) {
 
-	$o .= '';
+	$o = '';
 
 	$o .= '<h2>' . t('Profile') . '</h2>';
 
@@ -69,13 +69,12 @@ function advanced_profile(&$a) {
 		if($txt = prepare_text($a->profile['work'])) $profile['work'] = array( t('Work/employment:'), $txt);
 
 		if($txt = prepare_text($a->profile['education'])) $profile['education'] = array( t('School/education:'), $txt );
-	}
-
-		
-	return replace_macros($tpl, array(
-		'$title' => t('Profile'),
-		'$profile' => $profile,
-	));
 
+        return replace_macros($tpl, array(
+            '$title' => t('Profile'),
+            '$profile' => $profile,
+        ));
+    }
 
+	return '';
 }
diff --git a/include/security.php b/include/security.php
index fc816e5d7..a92400b5c 100755
--- a/include/security.php
+++ b/include/security.php
@@ -339,6 +339,7 @@ function check_form_security_token_redirectOnErr($err_redirect, $typename = '',
 }
 function check_form_security_token_ForbiddenOnErr($typename = '', $formname = 'form_security_token') {
 	if (!check_form_security_token($typename, $formname)) {
+	    $a = get_app();
 		logger('check_form_security_token failed: user ' . $a->user['guid'] . ' - form element ' . $typename);
 		logger('check_form_security_token failed: _REQUEST data: ' . print_r($_REQUEST, true), LOGGER_DATA);
 		header('HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden');
diff --git a/mod/photo.php b/mod/photo.php
index ec53af899..1d38fe8e4 100644
--- a/mod/photo.php
+++ b/mod/photo.php
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ function photo_init(&$a) {
 	}
 
 	// Writing in cachefile
-	if ($cachefile != '')
+	if (isset($cachefile) && $cachefile != '')
 		file_put_contents($cachefile, $data);
 
 	if(function_exists('header_remove')) {
diff --git a/mod/photos.php b/mod/photos.php
index 2a808cb41..8da94841e 100644
--- a/mod/photos.php
+++ b/mod/photos.php
@@ -330,7 +330,6 @@ function photos_post(&$a) {
 			// Create item container
 
 			$title = '';
-			$basename = basename($filename);
 			$uri = item_new_uri($a->get_hostname(),$page_owner_uid);
 
 			$arr = array();