[utils] Popen: Refactor to use contextmanager

Fixes https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3531#issuecomment-1156223597

yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py

@@ -3705,14 +3705,12 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
 
         if source == 'source':
             try:
-                sp = Popen(
+                stdout, _, _ = Popen.run(
                     ['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'],
-                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    text=True, cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)),
-                    cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-                out, err = sp.communicate_or_kill()
+                if re.fullmatch('[0-9a-f]+', stdout.strip()):
-                out = out.decode().strip()
+                    write_debug(f'Git HEAD: {stdout.strip()}')
-                if re.match('[0-9a-f]+', out):
-                    write_debug('Git HEAD: %s' % out)
             except Exception:
                 with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
                     sys.exc_clear()

yt_dlp/cookies.py

@@ -709,21 +709,19 @@ def _get_kwallet_network_wallet(logger):
     """
     default_wallet = 'kdewallet'
     try:
-        proc = Popen([
+        stdout, _, returncode = Popen.run([
             'dbus-send', '--session', '--print-reply=literal',
             '--dest=org.kde.kwalletd5',
             '/modules/kwalletd5',
             'org.kde.KWallet.networkWallet'
-        ], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+        ], text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
 
-        stdout, stderr = proc.communicate_or_kill()
+        if returncode:
-        if proc.returncode != 0:
             logger.warning('failed to read NetworkWallet')
             return default_wallet
         else:
-            network_wallet = stdout.decode().strip()
+            logger.debug(f'NetworkWallet = "{stdout.strip()}"')
-            logger.debug(f'NetworkWallet = "{network_wallet}"')
+            return stdout.strip()
-            return network_wallet
     except Exception as e:
         logger.warning(f'exception while obtaining NetworkWallet: {e}')
         return default_wallet
@@ -741,17 +739,16 @@ def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
     network_wallet = _get_kwallet_network_wallet(logger)
 
     try:
-        proc = Popen([
+        stdout, _, returncode = Popen.run([
             'kwallet-query',
             '--read-password', f'{browser_keyring_name} Safe Storage',
             '--folder', f'{browser_keyring_name} Keys',
             network_wallet
         ], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
 
-        stdout, stderr = proc.communicate_or_kill()
+        if returncode:
-        if proc.returncode != 0:
+            logger.error(f'kwallet-query failed with return code {returncode}. '
-            logger.error(f'kwallet-query failed with return code {proc.returncode}. Please consult '
+                         'Please consult the kwallet-query man page for details')
-                         'the kwallet-query man page for details')
             return b''
         else:
             if stdout.lower().startswith(b'failed to read'):
@@ -766,9 +763,7 @@ def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
                 return b''
             else:
                 logger.debug('password found')
-                if stdout[-1:] == b'\n':
+                return stdout.rstrip(b'\n')
-                    stdout = stdout[:-1]
-                return stdout
     except Exception as e:
         logger.warning(f'exception running kwallet-query: {error_to_str(e)}')
         return b''
@@ -815,17 +810,13 @@ def _get_linux_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger):
 def _get_mac_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
     logger.debug('using find-generic-password to obtain password from OSX keychain')
     try:
-        proc = Popen(
+        stdout, _, _ = Popen.run(
             ['security', 'find-generic-password',
              '-w',  # write password to stdout
              '-a', browser_keyring_name,  # match 'account'
              '-s', f'{browser_keyring_name} Safe Storage'],  # match 'service'
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
-
+        return stdout.rstrip(b'\n')
-        stdout, stderr = proc.communicate_or_kill()
-        if stdout[-1:] == b'\n':
-            stdout = stdout[:-1]
-        return stdout
     except Exception as e:
         logger.warning(f'exception running find-generic-password: {error_to_str(e)}')
         return None

yt_dlp/downloader/external.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class Features(enum.Enum):
 class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
     SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS = ('http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps')
     SUPPORTED_FEATURES = ()
+    _CAPTURE_STDERR = True
 
     def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
         self.report_destination(filename)
@@ -128,24 +129,25 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         self._debug_cmd(cmd)
 
         if 'fragments' not in info_dict:
-            p = Popen(cmd, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            _, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(
-            _, stderr = p.communicate_or_kill()
+                cmd, text=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE if self._CAPTURE_STDERR else None)
-            if p.returncode != 0:
+            if returncode and stderr:
-                self.to_stderr(stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
+                self.to_stderr(stderr)
-            return p.returncode
+            return returncode
 
         fragment_retries = self.params.get('fragment_retries', 0)
         skip_unavailable_fragments = self.params.get('skip_unavailable_fragments', True)
 
         count = 0
         while count <= fragment_retries:
-            p = Popen(cmd, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            _, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-            _, stderr = p.communicate_or_kill()
+            if not returncode:
-            if p.returncode == 0:
                 break
+
             # TODO: Decide whether to retry based on error code
             # https://aria2.github.io/manual/en/html/aria2c.html#exit-status
-            self.to_stderr(stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
+            if stderr:
+                self.to_stderr(stderr)
             count += 1
             if count <= fragment_retries:
                 self.to_screen(
@@ -180,6 +182,7 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
 
 class CurlFD(ExternalFD):
     AVAILABLE_OPT = '-V'
+    _CAPTURE_STDERR = False  # curl writes the progress to stderr
 
     def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         cmd = [self.exe, '--location', '-o', tmpfilename, '--compressed']
@@ -204,16 +207,6 @@ def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         cmd += ['--', info_dict['url']]
         return cmd
 
-    def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
-        cmd = [encodeArgument(a) for a in self._make_cmd(tmpfilename, info_dict)]
-
-        self._debug_cmd(cmd)
-
-        # curl writes the progress to stderr so don't capture it.
-        p = Popen(cmd)
-        p.communicate_or_kill()
-        return p.returncode
-
 
 class AxelFD(ExternalFD):
     AVAILABLE_OPT = '-V'
@@ -500,24 +493,23 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         args.append(encodeFilename(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename), True))
         self._debug_cmd(args)
 
-        proc = Popen(args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, env=env)
+        with Popen(args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, env=env) as proc:
-        if url in ('-', 'pipe:'):
+            if url in ('-', 'pipe:'):
-            self.on_process_started(proc, proc.stdin)
+                self.on_process_started(proc, proc.stdin)
-        try:
+            try:
-            retval = proc.wait()
+                retval = proc.wait()
-        except BaseException as e:
+            except BaseException as e:
-            # subprocces.run would send the SIGKILL signal to ffmpeg and the
+                # subprocces.run would send the SIGKILL signal to ffmpeg and the
-            # mp4 file couldn't be played, but if we ask ffmpeg to quit it
+                # mp4 file couldn't be played, but if we ask ffmpeg to quit it
-            # produces a file that is playable (this is mostly useful for live
+                # produces a file that is playable (this is mostly useful for live
-            # streams). Note that Windows is not affected and produces playable
+                # streams). Note that Windows is not affected and produces playable
-            # files (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8300).
+                # files (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8300).
-            if isinstance(e, KeyboardInterrupt) and sys.platform != 'win32' and url not in ('-', 'pipe:'):
+                if isinstance(e, KeyboardInterrupt) and sys.platform != 'win32' and url not in ('-', 'pipe:'):
-                proc.communicate_or_kill(b'q')
+                    proc.communicate_or_kill(b'q')
-            else:
+                else:
-                proc.kill()
+                    proc.kill(timeout=None)
-                proc.wait()
+                raise
-            raise
+            return retval
-        return retval
 
 
 class AVconvFD(FFmpegFD):

yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py

@@ -92,8 +92,7 @@ def run_rtmpdump(args):
                     self.to_screen('')
                 return proc.wait()
             except BaseException:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt
-                proc.kill()
+                proc.kill(timeout=None)
-                proc.wait()
                 raise
 
         url = info_dict['url']

yt_dlp/extractor/openload.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
     ExtractorError,
     Popen,
     check_executable,
-    encodeArgument,
     get_exe_version,
     is_outdated_version,
 )
@@ -213,16 +212,14 @@ def get(self, url, html=None, video_id=None, note=None, note2='Executing JS on w
         else:
             self.extractor.to_screen(f'{video_id}: {note2}')
 
-        p = Popen(
+        stdout, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(
             [self.exe, '--ssl-protocol=any', self._TMP_FILES['script'].name],
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-        out, err = p.communicate_or_kill()
+        if returncode:
-        if p.returncode != 0:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Executing JS failed\n:{stderr}')
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'Executing JS failed\n:' + encodeArgument(err))
         with open(self._TMP_FILES['html'].name, 'rb') as f:
             html = f.read().decode('utf-8')
 
         self._load_cookies()
 
-        return (html, encodeArgument(out))
+        return (html, stdout)

yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py

@@ -157,14 +157,12 @@ def run(self, info):
 
                     self._report_run('atomicparsley', filename)
                     self.write_debug('AtomicParsley command line: %s' % shell_quote(cmd))
-                    p = Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+                    stdout, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-                    stdout, stderr = p.communicate_or_kill()
+                    if returncode:
-                    if p.returncode != 0:
+                        self.report_warning(f'Unable to embed thumbnails using AtomicParsley; {stderr.strip()}')
-                        msg = stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace').strip()
-                        self.report_warning(f'Unable to embed thumbnails using AtomicParsley; {msg}')
                     # for formats that don't support thumbnails (like 3gp) AtomicParsley
                     # won't create to the temporary file
-                    if b'No changes' in stdout:
+                    if 'No changes' in stdout:
                         self.report_warning('The file format doesn\'t support embedding a thumbnail')
                         success = False
 

yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py

@@ -239,14 +239,12 @@ def get_audio_codec(self, path):
                     encodeArgument('-i')]
             cmd.append(encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path), True))
             self.write_debug(f'{self.basename} command line: {shell_quote(cmd)}')
-            handle = Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            stdout, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-            stdout_data, stderr_data = handle.communicate_or_kill()
+            if returncode != (0 if self.probe_available else 1):
-            expected_ret = 0 if self.probe_available else 1
-            if handle.wait() != expected_ret:
                 return None
         except OSError:
             return None
-        output = (stdout_data if self.probe_available else stderr_data).decode('ascii', 'ignore')
+        output = stdout if self.probe_available else stderr
         if self.probe_available:
             audio_codec = None
             for line in output.split('\n'):
@@ -280,11 +278,10 @@ def get_metadata_object(self, path, opts=[]):
         ]
 
         cmd += opts
-        cmd.append(encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path), True))
+        cmd.append(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path))
-        self.write_debug('ffprobe command line: %s' % shell_quote(cmd))
+        self.write_debug(f'ffprobe command line: {shell_quote(cmd)}')
-        p = Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        stdout, _, _ = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
-        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
+        return json.loads(stdout)
-        return json.loads(stdout.decode('utf-8', 'replace'))
 
     def get_stream_number(self, path, keys, value):
         streams = self.get_metadata_object(path)['streams']
@@ -346,16 +343,13 @@ def make_args(file, args, name, number):
                 for i, (path, opts) in enumerate(path_opts) if path)
 
         self.write_debug('ffmpeg command line: %s' % shell_quote(cmd))
-        p = Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        stdout, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
-        stdout, stderr = p.communicate_or_kill()
+        if returncode not in variadic(expected_retcodes):
-        if p.returncode not in variadic(expected_retcodes):
+            raise FFmpegPostProcessorError(stderr.strip().splitlines()[-1])
-            stderr = stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace').strip()
-            self.write_debug(stderr)
-            raise FFmpegPostProcessorError(stderr.split('\n')[-1])
         for out_path, _ in output_path_opts:
             if out_path:
                 self.try_utime(out_path, oldest_mtime, oldest_mtime)
-        return stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
+        return stderr
 
     def run_ffmpeg(self, path, out_path, opts, **kwargs):
         return self.run_ffmpeg_multiple_files([path], out_path, opts, **kwargs)

yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py

@@ -84,17 +84,15 @@ def run(self, information):
         cmd = [encodeArgument(i) for i in cmd]
 
         self.write_debug('sponskrub command line: %s' % shell_quote(cmd))
-        pipe = None if self.get_param('verbose') else subprocess.PIPE
+        stdout, _, returncode = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, stdout=None if self.get_param('verbose') else subprocess.PIPE)
-        p = Popen(cmd, stdout=pipe)
-        stdout = p.communicate_or_kill()[0]
 
-        if p.returncode == 0:
+        if not returncode:
             os.replace(temp_filename, filename)
             self.to_screen('Sponsor sections have been %s' % ('removed' if self.cutout else 'marked'))
-        elif p.returncode == 3:
+        elif returncode == 3:
             self.to_screen('No segments in the SponsorBlock database')
         else:
-            msg = stdout.decode('utf-8', 'replace').strip() if stdout else ''
+            raise PostProcessingError(
-            msg = msg.split('\n')[0 if msg.lower().startswith('unrecognised') else -1]
+                stdout.strip().splitlines()[0 if stdout.strip().lower().startswith('unrecognised') else -1]
-            raise PostProcessingError(msg if msg else 'sponskrub failed with error code %s' % p.returncode)
+                or f'sponskrub failed with error code {returncode}')
         return [], information

yt_dlp/utils.py

@@ -841,17 +841,31 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
     else:
         _startupinfo = None
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *args, text=False, **kwargs):
+        if text is True:
+            kwargs['universal_newlines'] = True  # For 3.6 compatibility
+            kwargs.setdefault('encoding', 'utf-8')
+            kwargs.setdefault('errors', 'replace')
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs, startupinfo=self._startupinfo)
 
     def communicate_or_kill(self, *args, **kwargs):
         try:
             return self.communicate(*args, **kwargs)
         except BaseException:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt
-            self.kill()
+            self.kill(timeout=None)
-            self.wait()
             raise
 
+    def kill(self, *, timeout=0):
+        super().kill()
+        if timeout != 0:
+            self.wait(timeout=timeout)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def run(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        with cls(*args, **kwargs) as proc:
+            stdout, stderr = proc.communicate_or_kill()
+            return stdout or '', stderr or '', proc.returncode
+
 
 def get_subprocess_encoding():
     if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:
@@ -2556,7 +2570,7 @@ def check_executable(exe, args=[]):
     """ Checks if the given binary is installed somewhere in PATH, and returns its name.
     args can be a list of arguments for a short output (like -version) """
     try:
-        Popen([exe] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate_or_kill()
+        Popen.run([exe] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
     except OSError:
         return False
     return exe
@@ -2569,14 +2583,11 @@ def _get_exe_version_output(exe, args, *, to_screen=None):
         # STDIN should be redirected too. On UNIX-like systems, ffmpeg triggers
         # SIGTTOU if yt-dlp is run in the background.
         # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/955#issuecomment-209789656
-        out, _ = Popen(
+        stdout, _, _ = Popen.run([encodeArgument(exe)] + args, text=True,
-            [encodeArgument(exe)] + args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).communicate_or_kill()
     except OSError:
         return False
-    if isinstance(out, bytes):  # Python 2.x
+    return stdout
-        out = out.decode('ascii', 'ignore')
-    return out
 
 
 def detect_exe_version(output, version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
@@ -4796,14 +4807,13 @@ def write_xattr(path, key, value):
 
     value = value.decode()
     try:
-        p = Popen(
+        _, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(
             [exe, '-w', key, value, path] if exe == 'xattr' else [exe, '-n', key, '-v', value, path],
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
     except OSError as e:
         raise XAttrMetadataError(e.errno, e.strerror)
-    stderr = p.communicate_or_kill()[1].decode('utf-8', 'replace')
+    if returncode:
-    if p.returncode:
+        raise XAttrMetadataError(returncode, stderr)
-        raise XAttrMetadataError(p.returncode, stderr)
 
 
 def random_birthday(year_field, month_field, day_field):
@@ -5146,10 +5156,8 @@ def windows_enable_vt_mode():  # TODO: Do this the proper way https://bugs.pytho
     if get_windows_version() < (10, 0, 10586):
         return
     global WINDOWS_VT_MODE
-    startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
-    startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
     try:
-        subprocess.Popen('', shell=True, startupinfo=startupinfo).wait()
+        Popen.run('', shell=True)
     except Exception:
         return