yt-dlp/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py

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import enum
import json
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import time
import uuid
from .fragment import FragmentFD
from ..compat import functools
from ..networking import Request
from ..postprocessor.ffmpeg import EXT_TO_OUT_FORMATS, FFmpegPostProcessor
from ..utils import (
Popen,
RetryManager,
_configuration_args,
check_executable,
classproperty,
cli_bool_option,
cli_option,
cli_valueless_option,
determine_ext,
encodeArgument,
encodeFilename,
find_available_port,
remove_end,
traverse_obj,
)
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class Features(enum.Enum):
TO_STDOUT = enum.auto()
MULTIPLE_FORMATS = enum.auto()
class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS = ('http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps')
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SUPPORTED_FEATURES = ()
_CAPTURE_STDERR = True
def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
self.report_destination(filename)
tmpfilename = self.temp_name(filename)
self._cookies_tempfile = None
try:
started = time.time()
retval = self._call_downloader(tmpfilename, info_dict)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
if not info_dict.get('is_live'):
raise
# Live stream downloading cancellation should be considered as
# correct and expected termination thus all postprocessing
# should take place
retval = 0
self.to_screen('[%s] Interrupted by user' % self.get_basename())
finally:
if self._cookies_tempfile:
self.try_remove(self._cookies_tempfile)
if retval == 0:
status = {
'filename': filename,
'status': 'finished',
'elapsed': time.time() - started,
}
if filename != '-':
fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
status.update({
'downloaded_bytes': fsize,
'total_bytes': fsize,
})
self._hook_progress(status, info_dict)
return True
else:
self.to_stderr('\n')
self.report_error('%s exited with code %d' % (
self.get_basename(), retval))
return False
@classmethod
def get_basename(cls):
return cls.__name__[:-2].lower()
@classproperty
def EXE_NAME(cls):
return cls.get_basename()
@functools.cached_property
def exe(self):
return self.EXE_NAME
@classmethod
def available(cls, path=None):
path = check_executable(
cls.EXE_NAME if path in (None, cls.get_basename()) else path,
[cls.AVAILABLE_OPT])
if not path:
return False
cls.exe = path
return path
@classmethod
def supports(cls, info_dict):
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return all((
not info_dict.get('to_stdout') or Features.TO_STDOUT in cls.SUPPORTED_FEATURES,
'+' not in info_dict['protocol'] or Features.MULTIPLE_FORMATS in cls.SUPPORTED_FEATURES,
not traverse_obj(info_dict, ('hls_aes', ...), 'extra_param_to_segment_url'),
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all(proto in cls.SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS for proto in info_dict['protocol'].split('+')),
))
@classmethod
def can_download(cls, info_dict, path=None):
return cls.available(path) and cls.supports(info_dict)
def _option(self, command_option, param):
return cli_option(self.params, command_option, param)
def _bool_option(self, command_option, param, true_value='true', false_value='false', separator=None):
return cli_bool_option(self.params, command_option, param, true_value, false_value, separator)
def _valueless_option(self, command_option, param, expected_value=True):
return cli_valueless_option(self.params, command_option, param, expected_value)
def _configuration_args(self, keys=None, *args, **kwargs):
return _configuration_args(
self.get_basename(), self.params.get('external_downloader_args'), self.EXE_NAME,
keys, *args, **kwargs)
def _write_cookies(self):
if not self.ydl.cookiejar.filename:
tmp_cookies = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.cookies', delete=False)
tmp_cookies.close()
self._cookies_tempfile = tmp_cookies.name
self.to_screen(f'[download] Writing temporary cookies file to "{self._cookies_tempfile}"')
# real_download resets _cookies_tempfile; if it's None then save() will write to cookiejar.filename
self.ydl.cookiejar.save(self._cookies_tempfile, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
return self.ydl.cookiejar.filename or self._cookies_tempfile
def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
""" Either overwrite this or implement _make_cmd """
cmd = [encodeArgument(a) for a in self._make_cmd(tmpfilename, info_dict)]
self._debug_cmd(cmd)
if 'fragments' not in info_dict:
_, stderr, returncode = self._call_process(cmd, info_dict)
if returncode and stderr:
self.to_stderr(stderr)
return returncode
skip_unavailable_fragments = self.params.get('skip_unavailable_fragments', True)
retry_manager = RetryManager(self.params.get('fragment_retries'), self.report_retry,
frag_index=None, fatal=not skip_unavailable_fragments)
for retry in retry_manager:
_, stderr, returncode = self._call_process(cmd, info_dict)
if not returncode:
break
# TODO: Decide whether to retry based on error code
# https://aria2.github.io/manual/en/html/aria2c.html#exit-status
if stderr:
self.to_stderr(stderr)
retry.error = Exception()
continue
if not skip_unavailable_fragments and retry_manager.error:
return -1
decrypt_fragment = self.decrypter(info_dict)
dest, _ = self.sanitize_open(tmpfilename, 'wb')
for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (tmpfilename, frag_index)
try:
src, _ = self.sanitize_open(fragment_filename, 'rb')
except OSError as err:
if skip_unavailable_fragments and frag_index > 1:
self.report_skip_fragment(frag_index, err)
continue
self.report_error(f'Unable to open fragment {frag_index}; {err}')
return -1
dest.write(decrypt_fragment(fragment, src.read()))
src.close()
if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
self.try_remove(encodeFilename(fragment_filename))
dest.close()
self.try_remove(encodeFilename('%s.frag.urls' % tmpfilename))
return 0
def _call_process(self, cmd, info_dict):
return Popen.run(cmd, text=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE if self._CAPTURE_STDERR else None)
class CurlFD(ExternalFD):
AVAILABLE_OPT = '-V'
_CAPTURE_STDERR = False # curl writes the progress to stderr
def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
cmd = [self.exe, '--location', '-o', tmpfilename, '--compressed']
cookie_header = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url'])
if cookie_header:
cmd += ['--cookie', cookie_header]
if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
cmd += ['--header', f'{key}: {val}']
cmd += self._bool_option('--continue-at', 'continuedl', '-', '0')
cmd += self._valueless_option('--silent', 'noprogress')
cmd += self._valueless_option('--verbose', 'verbose')
cmd += self._option('--limit-rate', 'ratelimit')
retry = self._option('--retry', 'retries')
if len(retry) == 2:
if retry[1] in ('inf', 'infinite'):
retry[1] = '2147483647'
cmd += retry
cmd += self._option('--max-filesize', 'max_filesize')
cmd += self._option('--interface', 'source_address')
cmd += self._option('--proxy', 'proxy')
cmd += self._valueless_option('--insecure', 'nocheckcertificate')
cmd += self._configuration_args()
cmd += ['--', info_dict['url']]
return cmd
class AxelFD(ExternalFD):
AVAILABLE_OPT = '-V'
def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
cmd = [self.exe, '-o', tmpfilename]
if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
cmd += ['-H', f'{key}: {val}']
cookie_header = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url'])
if cookie_header:
cmd += ['-H', f'Cookie: {cookie_header}', '--max-redirect=0']
cmd += self._configuration_args()
cmd += ['--', info_dict['url']]
return cmd
class WgetFD(ExternalFD):
AVAILABLE_OPT = '--version'
def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
cmd = [self.exe, '-O', tmpfilename, '-nv', '--compression=auto']
if self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url']):
cmd += ['--load-cookies', self._write_cookies()]
if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
cmd += ['--header', f'{key}: {val}']
cmd += self._option('--limit-rate', 'ratelimit')
retry = self._option('--tries', 'retries')
if len(retry) == 2:
if retry[1] in ('inf', 'infinite'):
retry[1] = '0'
cmd += retry
cmd += self._option('--bind-address', 'source_address')
proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
if proxy:
for var in ('http_proxy', 'https_proxy'):
cmd += ['--execute', f'{var}={proxy}']
cmd += self._valueless_option('--no-check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate')
cmd += self._configuration_args()
cmd += ['--', info_dict['url']]
return cmd
class Aria2cFD(ExternalFD):
AVAILABLE_OPT = '-v'
SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS = ('http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps', 'dash_frag_urls', 'm3u8_frag_urls')
@staticmethod
def supports_manifest(manifest):
UNSUPPORTED_FEATURES = [
r'#EXT-X-BYTERANGE', # playlists composed of byte ranges of media files [1]
# 1. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-17#section-4.3.2.2
]
check_results = (not re.search(feature, manifest) for feature in UNSUPPORTED_FEATURES)
return all(check_results)
@staticmethod
def _aria2c_filename(fn):
return fn if os.path.isabs(fn) else f'.{os.path.sep}{fn}'
def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
# FIXME: Disabled due to https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5931
if False and 'no-external-downloader-progress' not in self.params.get('compat_opts', []):
info_dict['__rpc'] = {
'port': find_available_port() or 19190,
'secret': str(uuid.uuid4()),
}
return super()._call_downloader(tmpfilename, info_dict)
def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
cmd = [self.exe, '-c', '--no-conf',
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'--console-log-level=warn', '--summary-interval=0', '--download-result=hide',
'--http-accept-gzip=true', '--file-allocation=none', '-x16', '-j16', '-s16']
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if 'fragments' in info_dict:
cmd += ['--allow-overwrite=true', '--allow-piece-length-change=true']
else:
cmd += ['--min-split-size', '1M']
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if self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url']):
cmd += [f'--load-cookies={self._write_cookies()}']
if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
cmd += ['--header', f'{key}: {val}']
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cmd += self._option('--max-overall-download-limit', 'ratelimit')
cmd += self._option('--interface', 'source_address')
cmd += self._option('--all-proxy', 'proxy')
cmd += self._bool_option('--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true', '=')
cmd += self._bool_option('--remote-time', 'updatetime', 'true', 'false', '=')
cmd += self._bool_option('--show-console-readout', 'noprogress', 'false', 'true', '=')
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cmd += self._configuration_args()
if '__rpc' in info_dict:
cmd += [
'--enable-rpc',
f'--rpc-listen-port={info_dict["__rpc"]["port"]}',
f'--rpc-secret={info_dict["__rpc"]["secret"]}']
# aria2c strips out spaces from the beginning/end of filenames and paths.
# We work around this issue by adding a "./" to the beginning of the
# filename and relative path, and adding a "/" at the end of the path.
# See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/276
# https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/20312
# https://github.com/aria2/aria2/issues/1373
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dn = os.path.dirname(tmpfilename)
if dn:
cmd += ['--dir', self._aria2c_filename(dn) + os.path.sep]
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if 'fragments' not in info_dict:
cmd += ['--out', self._aria2c_filename(os.path.basename(tmpfilename))]
cmd += ['--auto-file-renaming=false']
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if 'fragments' in info_dict:
cmd += ['--file-allocation=none', '--uri-selector=inorder']
url_list_file = '%s.frag.urls' % tmpfilename
url_list = []
for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (os.path.basename(tmpfilename), frag_index)
url_list.append('%s\n\tout=%s' % (fragment['url'], self._aria2c_filename(fragment_filename)))
stream, _ = self.sanitize_open(url_list_file, 'wb')
stream.write('\n'.join(url_list).encode())
stream.close()
cmd += ['-i', self._aria2c_filename(url_list_file)]
else:
cmd += ['--', info_dict['url']]
return cmd
def aria2c_rpc(self, rpc_port, rpc_secret, method, params=()):
# Does not actually need to be UUID, just unique
sanitycheck = str(uuid.uuid4())
d = json.dumps({
'jsonrpc': '2.0',
'id': sanitycheck,
'method': method,
'params': [f'token:{rpc_secret}', *params],
}).encode('utf-8')
request = Request(
f'http://localhost:{rpc_port}/jsonrpc',
data=d, headers={
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Content-Length': f'{len(d)}',
}, proxies={'all': None})
with self.ydl.urlopen(request) as r:
resp = json.load(r)
assert resp.get('id') == sanitycheck, 'Something went wrong with RPC server'
return resp['result']
def _call_process(self, cmd, info_dict):
if '__rpc' not in info_dict:
return super()._call_process(cmd, info_dict)
send_rpc = functools.partial(self.aria2c_rpc, info_dict['__rpc']['port'], info_dict['__rpc']['secret'])
started = time.time()
fragmented = 'fragments' in info_dict
frag_count = len(info_dict['fragments']) if fragmented else 1
status = {
'filename': info_dict.get('_filename'),
'status': 'downloading',
'elapsed': 0,
'downloaded_bytes': 0,
'fragment_count': frag_count if fragmented else None,
'fragment_index': 0 if fragmented else None,
}
self._hook_progress(status, info_dict)
def get_stat(key, *obj, average=False):
val = tuple(filter(None, map(float, traverse_obj(obj, (..., ..., key))))) or [0]
return sum(val) / (len(val) if average else 1)
with Popen(cmd, text=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.PIPE) as p:
# Add a small sleep so that RPC client can receive response,
# or the connection stalls infinitely
time.sleep(0.2)
retval = p.poll()
while retval is None:
# We don't use tellStatus as we won't know the GID without reading stdout
# Ref: https://aria2.github.io/manual/en/html/aria2c.html#aria2.tellActive
active = send_rpc('aria2.tellActive')
completed = send_rpc('aria2.tellStopped', [0, frag_count])
downloaded = get_stat('totalLength', completed) + get_stat('completedLength', active)
speed = get_stat('downloadSpeed', active)
total = frag_count * get_stat('totalLength', active, completed, average=True)
if total < downloaded:
total = None
status.update({
'downloaded_bytes': int(downloaded),
'speed': speed,
'total_bytes': None if fragmented else total,
'total_bytes_estimate': total,
'eta': (total - downloaded) / (speed or 1),
'fragment_index': min(frag_count, len(completed) + 1) if fragmented else None,
'elapsed': time.time() - started
})
self._hook_progress(status, info_dict)
if not active and len(completed) >= frag_count:
send_rpc('aria2.shutdown')
retval = p.wait()
break
time.sleep(0.1)
retval = p.poll()
return '', p.stderr.read(), retval
class HttpieFD(ExternalFD):
AVAILABLE_OPT = '--version'
EXE_NAME = 'http'
def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
cmd = ['http', '--download', '--output', tmpfilename, info_dict['url']]
if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
cmd += [f'{key}:{val}']
# httpie 3.1.0+ removes the Cookie header on redirect, so this should be safe for now. [1]
# If we ever need cookie handling for redirects, we can export the cookiejar into a session. [2]
# 1: https://github.com/httpie/httpie/security/advisories/GHSA-9w4w-cpc8-h2fq
# 2: https://httpie.io/docs/cli/sessions
cookie_header = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url'])
if cookie_header:
cmd += [f'Cookie:{cookie_header}']
return cmd
class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS = ('http', 'https', 'ftp', 'ftps', 'm3u8', 'm3u8_native', 'rtsp', 'rtmp', 'rtmp_ffmpeg', 'mms', 'http_dash_segments')
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SUPPORTED_FEATURES = (Features.TO_STDOUT, Features.MULTIPLE_FORMATS)
@classmethod
def available(cls, path=None):
# TODO: Fix path for ffmpeg
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# Fixme: This may be wrong when --ffmpeg-location is used
return FFmpegPostProcessor().available
def on_process_started(self, proc, stdin):
""" Override this in subclasses """
pass
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@classmethod
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def can_merge_formats(cls, info_dict, params):
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return (
info_dict.get('requested_formats')
and info_dict.get('protocol')
and not params.get('allow_unplayable_formats')
and 'no-direct-merge' not in params.get('compat_opts', [])
and cls.can_download(info_dict))
def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
ffpp = FFmpegPostProcessor(downloader=self)
if not ffpp.available:
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self.report_error('m3u8 download detected but ffmpeg could not be found. Please install')
return False
ffpp.check_version()
args = [ffpp.executable, '-y']
for log_level in ('quiet', 'verbose'):
if self.params.get(log_level, False):
args += ['-loglevel', log_level]
break
if not self.params.get('verbose'):
args += ['-hide_banner']
args += traverse_obj(info_dict, ('downloader_options', 'ffmpeg_args'), default=[])
# These exists only for compatibility. Extractors should use
# info_dict['downloader_options']['ffmpeg_args'] instead
args += info_dict.get('_ffmpeg_args') or []
seekable = info_dict.get('_seekable')
if seekable is not None:
# setting -seekable prevents ffmpeg from guessing if the server
# supports seeking(by adding the header `Range: bytes=0-`), which
# can cause problems in some cases
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# https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11800#issuecomment-275037127
# http://trac.ffmpeg.org/ticket/6125#comment:10
args += ['-seekable', '1' if seekable else '0']
env = None
proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
if proxy:
if not re.match(r'^[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
proxy = 'http://%s' % proxy
if proxy.startswith('socks'):
self.report_warning(
'%s does not support SOCKS proxies. Downloading is likely to fail. '
'Consider adding --hls-prefer-native to your command.' % self.get_basename())
# Since December 2015 ffmpeg supports -http_proxy option (see
# http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=b4eb1f29ebddd60c41a2eb39f5af701e38e0d3fd)
# We could switch to the following code if we are able to detect version properly
# args += ['-http_proxy', proxy]
env = os.environ.copy()
env['HTTP_PROXY'] = proxy
env['http_proxy'] = proxy
protocol = info_dict.get('protocol')
if protocol == 'rtmp':
player_url = info_dict.get('player_url')
page_url = info_dict.get('page_url')
app = info_dict.get('app')
play_path = info_dict.get('play_path')
tc_url = info_dict.get('tc_url')
flash_version = info_dict.get('flash_version')
live = info_dict.get('rtmp_live', False)
conn = info_dict.get('rtmp_conn')
if player_url is not None:
args += ['-rtmp_swfverify', player_url]
if page_url is not None:
args += ['-rtmp_pageurl', page_url]
if app is not None:
args += ['-rtmp_app', app]
if play_path is not None:
args += ['-rtmp_playpath', play_path]
if tc_url is not None:
args += ['-rtmp_tcurl', tc_url]
if flash_version is not None:
args += ['-rtmp_flashver', flash_version]
if live:
args += ['-rtmp_live', 'live']
if isinstance(conn, list):
for entry in conn:
args += ['-rtmp_conn', entry]
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elif isinstance(conn, str):
args += ['-rtmp_conn', conn]
start_time, end_time = info_dict.get('section_start') or 0, info_dict.get('section_end')
selected_formats = info_dict.get('requested_formats') or [info_dict]
for i, fmt in enumerate(selected_formats):
is_http = re.match(r'^https?://', fmt['url'])
cookies = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(fmt['url']) if is_http else []
if cookies:
args.extend(['-cookies', ''.join(
f'{cookie.name}={cookie.value}; path={cookie.path}; domain={cookie.domain};\r\n'
for cookie in cookies)])
if fmt.get('http_headers') and is_http:
# Trailing \r\n after each HTTP header is important to prevent warning from ffmpeg/avconv:
# [http @ 00000000003d2fa0] No trailing CRLF found in HTTP header.
args.extend(['-headers', ''.join(f'{key}: {val}\r\n' for key, val in fmt['http_headers'].items())])
if start_time:
args += ['-ss', str(start_time)]
if end_time:
args += ['-t', str(end_time - start_time)]
args += self._configuration_args((f'_i{i + 1}', '_i')) + ['-i', fmt['url']]
if not (start_time or end_time) or not self.params.get('force_keyframes_at_cuts'):
args += ['-c', 'copy']
if info_dict.get('requested_formats') or protocol == 'http_dash_segments':
for i, fmt in enumerate(selected_formats):
stream_number = fmt.get('manifest_stream_number', 0)
args.extend(['-map', f'{i}:{stream_number}'])
if self.params.get('test', False):
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args += ['-fs', str(self._TEST_FILE_SIZE)]
ext = info_dict['ext']
if protocol in ('m3u8', 'm3u8_native'):
use_mpegts = (tmpfilename == '-') or self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts')
if use_mpegts is None:
use_mpegts = info_dict.get('is_live')
if use_mpegts:
args += ['-f', 'mpegts']
else:
args += ['-f', 'mp4']
if (ffpp.basename == 'ffmpeg' and ffpp._features.get('needs_adtstoasc')) and (not info_dict.get('acodec') or info_dict['acodec'].split('.')[0] in ('aac', 'mp4a')):
args += ['-bsf:a', 'aac_adtstoasc']
elif protocol == 'rtmp':
args += ['-f', 'flv']
elif ext == 'mp4' and tmpfilename == '-':
args += ['-f', 'mpegts']
elif ext == 'unknown_video':
ext = determine_ext(remove_end(tmpfilename, '.part'))
if ext == 'unknown_video':
self.report_warning(
'The video format is unknown and cannot be downloaded by ffmpeg. '
'Explicitly set the extension in the filename to attempt download in that format')
else:
self.report_warning(f'The video format is unknown. Trying to download as {ext} according to the filename')
args += ['-f', EXT_TO_OUT_FORMATS.get(ext, ext)]
else:
args += ['-f', EXT_TO_OUT_FORMATS.get(ext, ext)]
args += self._configuration_args(('_o1', '_o', ''))
args = [encodeArgument(opt) for opt in args]
args.append(encodeFilename(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename), True))
self._debug_cmd(args)
piped = any(fmt['url'] in ('-', 'pipe:') for fmt in selected_formats)
with Popen(args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, env=env) as proc:
if piped:
self.on_process_started(proc, proc.stdin)
try:
retval = proc.wait()
except BaseException as e:
# subprocces.run would send the SIGKILL signal to ffmpeg and the
# mp4 file couldn't be played, but if we ask ffmpeg to quit it
# produces a file that is playable (this is mostly useful for live
# streams). Note that Windows is not affected and produces playable
# files (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8300).
if isinstance(e, KeyboardInterrupt) and sys.platform != 'win32' and not piped:
proc.communicate_or_kill(b'q')
else:
proc.kill(timeout=None)
raise
return retval
class AVconvFD(FFmpegFD):
pass
_BY_NAME = {
klass.get_basename(): klass
for name, klass in globals().items()
if name.endswith('FD') and name not in ('ExternalFD', 'FragmentFD')
}
def list_external_downloaders():
return sorted(_BY_NAME.keys())
def get_external_downloader(external_downloader):
""" Given the name of the executable, see whether we support the given downloader """
bn = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(external_downloader))[0]
return _BY_NAME.get(bn) or next((
klass for klass in _BY_NAME.values() if klass.EXE_NAME in bn
), None)