ryujinx-mirror/ChocolArm64/Instructions/SoftFloat.cs

using ChocolArm64.State;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace ChocolArm64.Instructions
{
    static class SoftFloat
    {
        static SoftFloat()
        {
            RecipEstimateTable   = BuildRecipEstimateTable();
            InvSqrtEstimateTable = BuildInvSqrtEstimateTable();
        }

        private static readonly byte[] RecipEstimateTable;
        private static readonly byte[] InvSqrtEstimateTable;

        private static byte[] BuildRecipEstimateTable()
        {
            byte[] table = new byte[256];
            for (ulong index = 0; index < 256; index++)
            {
                ulong a = index | 0x100;

                a = (a << 1) + 1;
                ulong b = 0x80000 / a;
                b = (b + 1) >> 1;

                table[index] = (byte)(b & 0xFF);
            }
            return table;
        }

        private static byte[] BuildInvSqrtEstimateTable()
        {
            byte[] table = new byte[512];
            for (ulong index = 128; index < 512; index++)
            {
                ulong a = index;
                if (a < 256)
                {
                    a = (a << 1) + 1;
                }
                else
                {
                    a = (a | 1) << 1;
                }

                ulong b = 256;
                while (a * (b + 1) * (b + 1) < (1ul << 28))
                {
                    b++;
                }
                b = (b + 1) >> 1;

                table[index] = (byte)(b & 0xFF);
            }
            return table;
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static float RecipEstimate(float x)
        {
            return (float)RecipEstimate((double)x);
        }

        public static double RecipEstimate(double x)
        {
            ulong xBits  = (ulong)BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(x);
            ulong xSign  = xBits & 0x8000000000000000;
            ulong xExp   = (xBits >> 52) & 0x7FF;
            ulong scaled = xBits & ((1ul << 52) - 1);

            if (xExp >= 2045)
            {
                if (xExp == 0x7ff && scaled != 0)
                {
                    // NaN
                    return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)(xBits | 0x0008000000000000));
                }

                // Infinity, or Out of range -> Zero
                return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)xSign);
            }

            if (xExp == 0)
            {
                if (scaled == 0)
                {
                    // Zero -> Infinity
                    return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)(xSign | 0x7FF0000000000000));
                }

                // Denormal
                if ((scaled & (1ul << 51)) == 0)
                {
                    xExp = ~0ul;
                    scaled <<= 2;
                }
                else
                {
                    scaled <<= 1;
                }
            }

            scaled >>= 44;
            scaled &= 0xFF;

            ulong resultExp = (2045 - xExp) & 0x7FF;
            ulong estimate  = (ulong)RecipEstimateTable[scaled];
            ulong fraction  = estimate << 44;

            if (resultExp == 0)
            {
                fraction >>= 1;
                fraction |= 1ul << 51;
            }
            else if (resultExp == 0x7FF)
            {
                resultExp = 0;
                fraction >>= 2;
                fraction |= 1ul << 50;
            }

            ulong result = xSign | (resultExp << 52) | fraction;
            return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)result);
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static float InvSqrtEstimate(float x)
        {
            return (float)InvSqrtEstimate((double)x);
        }

        public static double InvSqrtEstimate(double x)
        {
            ulong xBits  = (ulong)BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(x);
            ulong xSign  = xBits & 0x8000000000000000;
            long  xExp   = (long)((xBits >> 52) & 0x7FF);
            ulong scaled = xBits & ((1ul << 52) - 1);

            if (xExp == 0x7FF && scaled != 0)
            {
                // NaN
                return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)(xBits | 0x0008000000000000));
            }

            if (xExp == 0)
            {
                if (scaled == 0)
                {
                    // Zero -> Infinity
                    return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)(xSign | 0x7FF0000000000000));
                }

                // Denormal
                while ((scaled & (1 << 51)) == 0)
                {
                    scaled <<= 1;
                    xExp--;
                }
                scaled <<= 1;
            }

            if (xSign != 0)
            {
                // Negative -> NaN
                return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)0x7FF8000000000000);
            }

            if (xExp == 0x7ff && scaled == 0)
            {
                // Infinity -> Zero
                return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)xSign);
            }

            if (((ulong)xExp & 1) == 1)
            {
                scaled >>= 45;
                scaled &= 0xFF;
                scaled |= 0x80;
            }
            else
            {
                scaled >>= 44;
                scaled &= 0xFF;
                scaled |= 0x100;
            }

            ulong resultExp = ((ulong)(3068 - xExp) / 2) & 0x7FF;
            ulong estimate  = (ulong)InvSqrtEstimateTable[scaled];
            ulong fraction  = estimate << 44;

            ulong result = xSign | (resultExp << 52) | fraction;
            return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)result);
        }
    }

    static class SoftFloat16_32
    {
        public static float FPConvert(ushort valueBits, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat16_32.FPConvert: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            double real = valueBits.FPUnpackCv(out FpType type, out bool sign, state);

            float result;

            if (type == FpType.SNaN || type == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Dn))
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();
                }
                else
                {
                    result = FPConvertNaN(valueBits);
                }

                if (type == FpType.SNaN)
                {
                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Infinity)
            {
                result = FPInfinity(sign);
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Zero)
            {
                result = FPZero(sign);
            }
            else
            {
                result = FPRoundCv(real, state);
            }

            return result;
        }

        private static float FPDefaultNaN()
        {
            return -float.NaN;
        }

        private static float FPInfinity(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? float.NegativeInfinity : float.PositiveInfinity;
        }

        private static float FPZero(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? -0f : +0f;
        }

        private static float FPMaxNormal(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? float.MinValue : float.MaxValue;
        }

        private static double FPUnpackCv(
            this ushort valueBits,
            out FpType type,
            out bool sign,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            sign = (~(uint)valueBits & 0x8000u) == 0u;

            uint exp16  = ((uint)valueBits & 0x7C00u) >> 10;
            uint frac16 =  (uint)valueBits & 0x03FFu;

            double real;

            if (exp16 == 0u)
            {
                if (frac16 == 0u)
                {
                    type = FpType.Zero;
                    real = 0d;
                }
                else
                {
                    type = FpType.Nonzero; // Subnormal.
                    real = Math.Pow(2d, -14) * ((double)frac16 * Math.Pow(2d, -10));
                }
            }
            else if (exp16 == 0x1Fu && !state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Ahp))
            {
                if (frac16 == 0u)
                {
                    type = FpType.Infinity;
                    real = Math.Pow(2d, 1000);
                }
                else
                {
                    type = (~frac16 & 0x0200u) == 0u ? FpType.QNaN : FpType.SNaN;
                    real = 0d;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                type = FpType.Nonzero; // Normal.
                real = Math.Pow(2d, (int)exp16 - 15) * (1d + (double)frac16 * Math.Pow(2d, -10));
            }

            return sign ? -real : real;
        }

        private static float FPRoundCv(double real, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            const int minimumExp = -126;

            const int e = 8;
            const int f = 23;

            bool   sign;
            double mantissa;

            if (real < 0d)
            {
                sign     = true;
                mantissa = -real;
            }
            else
            {
                sign     = false;
                mantissa = real;
            }

            int exponent = 0;

            while (mantissa < 1d)
            {
                mantissa *= 2d;
                exponent--;
            }

            while (mantissa >= 2d)
            {
                mantissa /= 2d;
                exponent++;
            }

            if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && exponent < minimumExp)
            {
                state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                return FPZero(sign);
            }

            uint biasedExp = (uint)Math.Max(exponent - minimumExp + 1, 0);

            if (biasedExp == 0u)
            {
                mantissa /= Math.Pow(2d, minimumExp - exponent);
            }

            uint intMant = (uint)Math.Floor(mantissa * Math.Pow(2d, f));
            double error = mantissa * Math.Pow(2d, f) - (double)intMant;

            if (biasedExp == 0u && (error != 0d || state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Ufe)))
            {
                FPProcessException(FpExc.Underflow, state);
            }

            bool overflowToInf;
            bool roundUp;

            switch (state.FPRoundingMode())
            {
                default:
                case RoundMode.ToNearest:
                    roundUp       = (error > 0.5d || (error == 0.5d && (intMant & 1u) == 1u));
                    overflowToInf = true;
                    break;

                case RoundMode.TowardsPlusInfinity:
                    roundUp       = (error != 0d && !sign);
                    overflowToInf = !sign;
                    break;

                case RoundMode.TowardsMinusInfinity:
                    roundUp       = (error != 0d && sign);
                    overflowToInf = sign;
                    break;

                case RoundMode.TowardsZero:
                    roundUp       = false;
                    overflowToInf = false;
                    break;
            }

            if (roundUp)
            {
                intMant++;

                if (intMant == (uint)Math.Pow(2d, f))
                {
                    biasedExp = 1u;
                }

                if (intMant == (uint)Math.Pow(2d, f + 1))
                {
                    biasedExp++;
                    intMant >>= 1;
                }
            }

            float result;

            if (biasedExp >= (uint)Math.Pow(2d, e) - 1u)
            {
                result = overflowToInf ? FPInfinity(sign) : FPMaxNormal(sign);

                FPProcessException(FpExc.Overflow, state);

                error = 1d;
            }
            else
            {
                result = BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(
                    (int)((sign ? 1u : 0u) << 31 | (biasedExp & 0xFFu) << 23 | (intMant & 0x007FFFFFu)));
            }

            if (error != 0d)
            {
                FPProcessException(FpExc.Inexact, state);
            }

            return result;
        }

        private static float FPConvertNaN(ushort valueBits)
        {
            return BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(
                (int)(((uint)valueBits & 0x8000u) << 16 | 0x7FC00000u | ((uint)valueBits & 0x01FFu) << 13));
        }

        private static void FPProcessException(FpExc exc, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            int enable = (int)exc + 8;

            if ((state.Fpcr & (1 << enable)) != 0)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException("Floating-point trap handling.");
            }
            else
            {
                state.Fpsr |= 1 << (int)exc;
            }
        }
    }

    static class SoftFloat32_16
    {
        public static ushort FPConvert(float value, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32_16.FPConvert: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            double real = value.FPUnpackCv(out FpType type, out bool sign, out uint valueBits, state);

            bool altHp = state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Ahp);

            ushort resultBits;

            if (type == FpType.SNaN || type == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                if (altHp)
                {
                    resultBits = FPZero(sign);
                }
                else if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Dn))
                {
                    resultBits = FPDefaultNaN();
                }
                else
                {
                    resultBits = FPConvertNaN(valueBits);
                }

                if (type == FpType.SNaN || altHp)
                {
                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Infinity)
            {
                if (altHp)
                {
                    resultBits = (ushort)((sign ? 1u : 0u) << 15 | 0x7FFFu);

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else
                {
                    resultBits = FPInfinity(sign);
                }
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Zero)
            {
                resultBits = FPZero(sign);
            }
            else
            {
                resultBits = FPRoundCv(real, state);
            }

            return resultBits;
        }

        private static ushort FPDefaultNaN()
        {
            return (ushort)0x7E00u;
        }

        private static ushort FPInfinity(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? (ushort)0xFC00u : (ushort)0x7C00u;
        }

        private static ushort FPZero(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? (ushort)0x8000u : (ushort)0x0000u;
        }

        private static ushort FPMaxNormal(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? (ushort)0xFBFFu : (ushort)0x7BFFu;
        }

        private static double FPUnpackCv(
            this float value,
            out FpType type,
            out bool sign,
            out uint valueBits,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            valueBits = (uint)BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);

            sign = (~valueBits & 0x80000000u) == 0u;

            uint exp32  = (valueBits & 0x7F800000u) >> 23;
            uint frac32 =  valueBits & 0x007FFFFFu;

            double real;

            if (exp32 == 0u)
            {
                if (frac32 == 0u || state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz))
                {
                    type = FpType.Zero;
                    real = 0d;

                    if (frac32 != 0u)
                    {
                        FPProcessException(FpExc.InputDenorm, state);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    type = FpType.Nonzero; // Subnormal.
                    real = Math.Pow(2d, -126) * ((double)frac32 * Math.Pow(2d, -23));
                }
            }
            else if (exp32 == 0xFFu)
            {
                if (frac32 == 0u)
                {
                    type = FpType.Infinity;
                    real = Math.Pow(2d, 1000);
                }
                else
                {
                    type = (~frac32 & 0x00400000u) == 0u ? FpType.QNaN : FpType.SNaN;
                    real = 0d;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                type = FpType.Nonzero; // Normal.
                real = Math.Pow(2d, (int)exp32 - 127) * (1d + (double)frac32 * Math.Pow(2d, -23));
            }

            return sign ? -real : real;
        }

        private static ushort FPRoundCv(double real, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            const int minimumExp = -14;

            const int e = 5;
            const int f = 10;

            bool   sign;
            double mantissa;

            if (real < 0d)
            {
                sign     = true;
                mantissa = -real;
            }
            else
            {
                sign     = false;
                mantissa = real;
            }

            int exponent = 0;

            while (mantissa < 1d)
            {
                mantissa *= 2d;
                exponent--;
            }

            while (mantissa >= 2d)
            {
                mantissa /= 2d;
                exponent++;
            }

            uint biasedExp = (uint)Math.Max(exponent - minimumExp + 1, 0);

            if (biasedExp == 0u)
            {
                mantissa /= Math.Pow(2d, minimumExp - exponent);
            }

            uint intMant = (uint)Math.Floor(mantissa * Math.Pow(2d, f));
            double error = mantissa * Math.Pow(2d, f) - (double)intMant;

            if (biasedExp == 0u && (error != 0d || state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Ufe)))
            {
                FPProcessException(FpExc.Underflow, state);
            }

            bool overflowToInf;
            bool roundUp;

            switch (state.FPRoundingMode())
            {
                default:
                case RoundMode.ToNearest:
                    roundUp       = (error > 0.5d || (error == 0.5d && (intMant & 1u) == 1u));
                    overflowToInf = true;
                    break;

                case RoundMode.TowardsPlusInfinity:
                    roundUp       = (error != 0d && !sign);
                    overflowToInf = !sign;
                    break;

                case RoundMode.TowardsMinusInfinity:
                    roundUp       = (error != 0d && sign);
                    overflowToInf = sign;
                    break;

                case RoundMode.TowardsZero:
                    roundUp       = false;
                    overflowToInf = false;
                    break;
            }

            if (roundUp)
            {
                intMant++;

                if (intMant == (uint)Math.Pow(2d, f))
                {
                    biasedExp = 1u;
                }

                if (intMant == (uint)Math.Pow(2d, f + 1))
                {
                    biasedExp++;
                    intMant >>= 1;
                }
            }

            ushort resultBits;

            if (!state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Ahp))
            {
                if (biasedExp >= (uint)Math.Pow(2d, e) - 1u)
                {
                    resultBits = overflowToInf ? FPInfinity(sign) : FPMaxNormal(sign);

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.Overflow, state);

                    error = 1d;
                }
                else
                {
                    resultBits = (ushort)((sign ? 1u : 0u) << 15 | (biasedExp & 0x1Fu) << 10 | (intMant & 0x03FFu));
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (biasedExp >= (uint)Math.Pow(2d, e))
                {
                    resultBits = (ushort)((sign ? 1u : 0u) << 15 | 0x7FFFu);

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);

                    error = 0d;
                }
                else
                {
                    resultBits = (ushort)((sign ? 1u : 0u) << 15 | (biasedExp & 0x1Fu) << 10 | (intMant & 0x03FFu));
                }
            }

            if (error != 0d)
            {
                FPProcessException(FpExc.Inexact, state);
            }

            return resultBits;
        }

        private static ushort FPConvertNaN(uint valueBits)
        {
            return (ushort)((valueBits & 0x80000000u) >> 16 | 0x7E00u | (valueBits & 0x003FE000u) >> 13);
        }

        private static void FPProcessException(FpExc exc, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            int enable = (int)exc + 8;

            if ((state.Fpcr & (1 << enable)) != 0)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException("Floating-point trap handling.");
            }
            else
            {
                state.Fpsr |= 1 << (int)exc;
            }
        }
    }

    static class SoftFloat32
    {
        public static float FPAdd(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPAdd: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if (inf1 && inf2 && sign1 == !sign2)
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && !sign1) || (inf2 && !sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(false);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && sign1) || (inf2 && sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(true);
                }
                else if (zero1 && zero2 && sign1 == sign2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 + value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPDiv(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPDiv: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && inf2) || (zero1 && zero2))
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if (inf1 || zero2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);

                    if (!inf1)
                    {
                        FPProcessException(FpExc.DivideByZero, state);
                    }
                }
                else if (zero1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 / value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPMax(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMax: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                if (value1 > value2)
                {
                    if (type1 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign1);
                    }
                    else if (type1 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 && sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value1;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (type2 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign2);
                    }
                    else if (type2 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 && sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value2;

                        if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                        {
                            state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                            result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPMaxNum(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMaxNum: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out _, out _, state);
            value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out _, out _, state);

            if (type1 == FpType.QNaN && type2 != FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value1 = FPInfinity(true);
            }
            else if (type1 != FpType.QNaN && type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value2 = FPInfinity(true);
            }

            return FPMax(value1, value2, state);
        }

        public static float FPMin(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMin: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                if (value1 < value2)
                {
                    if (type1 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign1);
                    }
                    else if (type1 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 || sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value1;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (type2 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign2);
                    }
                    else if (type2 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 || sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value2;

                        if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                        {
                            state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                            result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPMinNum(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMinNum: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out _, out _, state);
            value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out _, out _, state);

            if (type1 == FpType.QNaN && type2 != FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value1 = FPInfinity(false);
            }
            else if (type1 != FpType.QNaN && type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value2 = FPInfinity(false);
            }

            return FPMin(value1, value2, state);
        }

        public static float FPMul(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMul: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else if (zero1 || zero2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 * value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPMulAdd(
            float valueA,
            float value1,
            float value2,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMulAdd: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            valueA = valueA.FPUnpack(out FpType typeA, out bool signA, out uint addend, state);
            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1,    state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2,    state);

            bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
            bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

            float result = FPProcessNaNs3(typeA, type1, type2, addend, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (typeA == FpType.QNaN && ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2)))
            {
                result = FPDefaultNaN();

                FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
            }

            if (!done)
            {
                bool infA = typeA == FpType.Infinity; bool zeroA = typeA == FpType.Zero;

                bool signP = sign1 ^  sign2;
                bool infP  = inf1  || inf2;
                bool zeroP = zero1 || zero2;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2) || (infA && infP && signA != signP))
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if ((infA && !signA) || (infP && !signP))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(false);
                }
                else if ((infA && signA) || (infP && signP))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(true);
                }
                else if (zeroA && zeroP && signA == signP)
                {
                    result = FPZero(signA);
                }
                else
                {
                    // TODO: When available, use: T MathF.FusedMultiplyAdd(T, T, T);
                    // https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/31903

                    result = valueA + (value1 * value2);

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static float FPMulSub(
            float valueA,
            float value1,
            float value2,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMulSub: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPNeg();

            return FPMulAdd(valueA, value1, value2, state);
        }

        public static float FPMulX(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPMulX: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPTwo(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else if (zero1 || zero2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 * value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPRecipStepFused(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPRecipStepFused: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPNeg();

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPTwo(false);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    // TODO: When available, use: T MathF.FusedMultiplyAdd(T, T, T);
                    // https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/31903

                    result = 2f + (value1 * value2);

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPRecpX(float value, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPRecpX: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value.FPUnpack(out FpType type, out bool sign, out uint op, state);

            float result;

            if (type == FpType.SNaN || type == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                result = FPProcessNaN(type, op, state);
            }
            else
            {
                uint notExp = (~op >> 23) & 0xFFu;
                uint maxExp = 0xFEu;

                result = BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle(
                    (int)((sign ? 1u : 0u) << 31 | (notExp == 0xFFu ? maxExp : notExp) << 23));
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPRSqrtStepFused(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPRSqrtStepFused: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPNeg();

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPOnePointFive(false);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    // TODO: When available, use: T MathF.FusedMultiplyAdd(T, T, T);
                    // https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/31903

                    result = (3f + (value1 * value2)) / 2f;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPSqrt(float value, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPSqrt: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value = value.FPUnpack(out FpType type, out bool sign, out uint op, state);

            float result;

            if (type == FpType.SNaN || type == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                result = FPProcessNaN(type, op, state);
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Zero)
            {
                result = FPZero(sign);
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Infinity && !sign)
            {
                result = FPInfinity(sign);
            }
            else if (sign)
            {
                result = FPDefaultNaN();

                FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
            }
            else
            {
                result = MathF.Sqrt(value);

                if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                {
                    state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                    result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static float FPSub(float value1, float value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat32.FPSub: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out uint op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out uint op2, state);

            float result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if (inf1 && inf2 && sign1 == sign2)
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && !sign1) || (inf2 && sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(false);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && sign1) || (inf2 && !sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(true);
                }
                else if (zero1 && zero2 && sign1 == !sign2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 - value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && float.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0f);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        private static float FPDefaultNaN()
        {
            return -float.NaN;
        }

        private static float FPInfinity(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? float.NegativeInfinity : float.PositiveInfinity;
        }

        private static float FPZero(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? -0f : +0f;
        }

        private static float FPTwo(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? -2f : +2f;
        }

        private static float FPOnePointFive(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? -1.5f : +1.5f;
        }

        private static float FPNeg(this float value)
        {
            return -value;
        }

        private static float FPUnpack(
            this float value,
            out FpType type,
            out bool sign,
            out uint valueBits,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            valueBits = (uint)BitConverter.SingleToInt32Bits(value);

            sign = (~valueBits & 0x80000000u) == 0u;

            if ((valueBits & 0x7F800000u) == 0u)
            {
                if ((valueBits & 0x007FFFFFu) == 0u || state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz))
                {
                    type  = FpType.Zero;
                    value = FPZero(sign);

                    if ((valueBits & 0x007FFFFFu) != 0u)
                    {
                        FPProcessException(FpExc.InputDenorm, state);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    type = FpType.Nonzero;
                }
            }
            else if ((~valueBits & 0x7F800000u) == 0u)
            {
                if ((valueBits & 0x007FFFFFu) == 0u)
                {
                    type = FpType.Infinity;
                }
                else
                {
                    type  = (~valueBits & 0x00400000u) == 0u ? FpType.QNaN : FpType.SNaN;
                    value = FPZero(sign);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                type = FpType.Nonzero;
            }

            return value;
        }

        private static float FPProcessNaNs(
            FpType type1,
            FpType type2,
            uint op1,
            uint op2,
            out bool done,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            done = true;

            if (type1 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }
            else if (type1 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }

            done = false;

            return FPZero(false);
        }

        private static float FPProcessNaNs3(
            FpType type1,
            FpType type2,
            FpType type3,
            uint op1,
            uint op2,
            uint op3,
            out bool done,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            done = true;

            if (type1 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }
            else if (type3 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type3, op3, state);
            }
            else if (type1 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }
            else if (type3 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type3, op3, state);
            }

            done = false;

            return FPZero(false);
        }

        private static float FPProcessNaN(FpType type, uint op, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            if (type == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                op |= 1u << 22;

                FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
            }

            if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Dn))
            {
                return FPDefaultNaN();
            }

            return BitConverter.Int32BitsToSingle((int)op);
        }

        private static void FPProcessException(FpExc exc, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            int enable = (int)exc + 8;

            if ((state.Fpcr & (1 << enable)) != 0)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException("Floating-point trap handling.");
            }
            else
            {
                state.Fpsr |= 1 << (int)exc;
            }
        }
    }

    static class SoftFloat64
    {
        public static double FPAdd(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPAdd: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if (inf1 && inf2 && sign1 == !sign2)
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && !sign1) || (inf2 && !sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(false);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && sign1) || (inf2 && sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(true);
                }
                else if (zero1 && zero2 && sign1 == sign2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 + value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPDiv(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPDiv: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && inf2) || (zero1 && zero2))
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if (inf1 || zero2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);

                    if (!inf1)
                    {
                        FPProcessException(FpExc.DivideByZero, state);
                    }
                }
                else if (zero1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 / value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPMax(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMax: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                if (value1 > value2)
                {
                    if (type1 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign1);
                    }
                    else if (type1 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 && sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value1;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (type2 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign2);
                    }
                    else if (type2 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 && sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value2;

                        if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                        {
                            state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                            result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPMaxNum(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMaxNum: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out _, out _, state);
            value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out _, out _, state);

            if (type1 == FpType.QNaN && type2 != FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value1 = FPInfinity(true);
            }
            else if (type1 != FpType.QNaN && type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value2 = FPInfinity(true);
            }

            return FPMax(value1, value2, state);
        }

        public static double FPMin(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMin: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                if (value1 < value2)
                {
                    if (type1 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign1);
                    }
                    else if (type1 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 || sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value1;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (type2 == FpType.Infinity)
                    {
                        result = FPInfinity(sign2);
                    }
                    else if (type2 == FpType.Zero)
                    {
                        result = FPZero(sign1 || sign2);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        result = value2;

                        if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                        {
                            state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                            result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPMinNum(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMinNum: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out _, out _, state);
            value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out _, out _, state);

            if (type1 == FpType.QNaN && type2 != FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value1 = FPInfinity(false);
            }
            else if (type1 != FpType.QNaN && type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                value2 = FPInfinity(false);
            }

            return FPMin(value1, value2, state);
        }

        public static double FPMul(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMul: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else if (zero1 || zero2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 * value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPMulAdd(
            double valueA,
            double value1,
            double value2,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMulAdd: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            valueA = valueA.FPUnpack(out FpType typeA, out bool signA, out ulong addend, state);
            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1,    state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2,    state);

            bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
            bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

            double result = FPProcessNaNs3(typeA, type1, type2, addend, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (typeA == FpType.QNaN && ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2)))
            {
                result = FPDefaultNaN();

                FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
            }

            if (!done)
            {
                bool infA = typeA == FpType.Infinity; bool zeroA = typeA == FpType.Zero;

                bool signP = sign1 ^  sign2;
                bool infP  = inf1  || inf2;
                bool zeroP = zero1 || zero2;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2) || (infA && infP && signA != signP))
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if ((infA && !signA) || (infP && !signP))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(false);
                }
                else if ((infA && signA) || (infP && signP))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(true);
                }
                else if (zeroA && zeroP && signA == signP)
                {
                    result = FPZero(signA);
                }
                else
                {
                    // TODO: When available, use: T Math.FusedMultiplyAdd(T, T, T);
                    // https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/31903

                    result = valueA + (value1 * value2);

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static double FPMulSub(
            double valueA,
            double value1,
            double value2,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMulSub: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPNeg();

            return FPMulAdd(valueA, value1, value2, state);
        }

        public static double FPMulX(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPMulX: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPTwo(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else if (zero1 || zero2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 * value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPRecipStepFused(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPRecipStepFused: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPNeg();

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPTwo(false);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    // TODO: When available, use: T Math.FusedMultiplyAdd(T, T, T);
                    // https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/31903

                    result = 2d + (value1 * value2);

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPRecpX(double value, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPRecpX: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value.FPUnpack(out FpType type, out bool sign, out ulong op, state);

            double result;

            if (type == FpType.SNaN || type == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                result = FPProcessNaN(type, op, state);
            }
            else
            {
                ulong notExp = (~op >> 52) & 0x7FFul;
                ulong maxExp = 0x7FEul;

                result = BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(
                    (long)((sign ? 1ul : 0ul) << 63 | (notExp == 0x7FFul ? maxExp : notExp) << 52));
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPRSqrtStepFused(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPRSqrtStepFused: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPNeg();

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if ((inf1 && zero2) || (zero1 && inf2))
                {
                    result = FPOnePointFive(false);
                }
                else if (inf1 || inf2)
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(sign1 ^ sign2);
                }
                else
                {
                    // TODO: When available, use: T Math.FusedMultiplyAdd(T, T, T);
                    // https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/31903

                    result = (3d + (value1 * value2)) / 2d;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPSqrt(double value, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPSqrt: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value = value.FPUnpack(out FpType type, out bool sign, out ulong op, state);

            double result;

            if (type == FpType.SNaN || type == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                result = FPProcessNaN(type, op, state);
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Zero)
            {
                result = FPZero(sign);
            }
            else if (type == FpType.Infinity && !sign)
            {
                result = FPInfinity(sign);
            }
            else if (sign)
            {
                result = FPDefaultNaN();

                FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
            }
            else
            {
                result = Math.Sqrt(value);

                if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                {
                    state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                    result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static double FPSub(double value1, double value2, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            Debug.WriteLineIf(state.Fpcr != 0, $"SoftFloat64.FPSub: state.Fpcr = 0x{state.Fpcr:X8}");

            value1 = value1.FPUnpack(out FpType type1, out bool sign1, out ulong op1, state);
            value2 = value2.FPUnpack(out FpType type2, out bool sign2, out ulong op2, state);

            double result = FPProcessNaNs(type1, type2, op1, op2, out bool done, state);

            if (!done)
            {
                bool inf1 = type1 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero1 = type1 == FpType.Zero;
                bool inf2 = type2 == FpType.Infinity; bool zero2 = type2 == FpType.Zero;

                if (inf1 && inf2 && sign1 == sign2)
                {
                    result = FPDefaultNaN();

                    FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && !sign1) || (inf2 && sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(false);
                }
                else if ((inf1 && sign1) || (inf2 && !sign2))
                {
                    result = FPInfinity(true);
                }
                else if (zero1 && zero2 && sign1 == !sign2)
                {
                    result = FPZero(sign1);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = value1 - value2;

                    if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz) && double.IsSubnormal(result))
                    {
                        state.SetFpsrFlag(Fpsr.Ufc);

                        result = FPZero(result < 0d);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }

        private static double FPDefaultNaN()
        {
            return -double.NaN;
        }

        private static double FPInfinity(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? double.NegativeInfinity : double.PositiveInfinity;
        }

        private static double FPZero(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? -0d : +0d;
        }

        private static double FPTwo(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? -2d : +2d;
        }

        private static double FPOnePointFive(bool sign)
        {
            return sign ? -1.5d : +1.5d;
        }

        private static double FPNeg(this double value)
        {
            return -value;
        }

        private static double FPUnpack(
            this double value,
            out FpType type,
            out bool sign,
            out ulong valueBits,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            valueBits = (ulong)BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);

            sign = (~valueBits & 0x8000000000000000ul) == 0ul;

            if ((valueBits & 0x7FF0000000000000ul) == 0ul)
            {
                if ((valueBits & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFul) == 0ul || state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Fz))
                {
                    type  = FpType.Zero;
                    value = FPZero(sign);

                    if ((valueBits & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFul) != 0ul)
                    {
                        FPProcessException(FpExc.InputDenorm, state);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    type = FpType.Nonzero;
                }
            }
            else if ((~valueBits & 0x7FF0000000000000ul) == 0ul)
            {
                if ((valueBits & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFFul) == 0ul)
                {
                    type = FpType.Infinity;
                }
                else
                {
                    type  = (~valueBits & 0x0008000000000000ul) == 0ul ? FpType.QNaN : FpType.SNaN;
                    value = FPZero(sign);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                type = FpType.Nonzero;
            }

            return value;
        }

        private static double FPProcessNaNs(
            FpType type1,
            FpType type2,
            ulong op1,
            ulong op2,
            out bool done,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            done = true;

            if (type1 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }
            else if (type1 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }

            done = false;

            return FPZero(false);
        }

        private static double FPProcessNaNs3(
            FpType type1,
            FpType type2,
            FpType type3,
            ulong op1,
            ulong op2,
            ulong op3,
            out bool done,
            CpuThreadState state)
        {
            done = true;

            if (type1 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }
            else if (type3 == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type3, op3, state);
            }
            else if (type1 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type1, op1, state);
            }
            else if (type2 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type2, op2, state);
            }
            else if (type3 == FpType.QNaN)
            {
                return FPProcessNaN(type3, op3, state);
            }

            done = false;

            return FPZero(false);
        }

        private static double FPProcessNaN(FpType type, ulong op, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            if (type == FpType.SNaN)
            {
                op |= 1ul << 51;

                FPProcessException(FpExc.InvalidOp, state);
            }

            if (state.GetFpcrFlag(Fpcr.Dn))
            {
                return FPDefaultNaN();
            }

            return BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble((long)op);
        }

        private static void FPProcessException(FpExc exc, CpuThreadState state)
        {
            int enable = (int)exc + 8;

            if ((state.Fpcr & (1 << enable)) != 0)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException("Floating-point trap handling.");
            }
            else
            {
                state.Fpsr |= 1 << (int)exc;
            }
        }
    }
}