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FM ADSR chart and tutorial link.

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Also several minor text and formatting tweaks.
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Electric Keet 2023-07-23 11:33:30 -07:00
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doc/4-instrument/fm.md
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# FM synthesis instrument editor # FM synthesis instrument editor
FM editor is divided into 7 tabs: The FM editor is divided into 7 tabs:
- **FM**: for controlling the basic parameters of FM sound source. - **FM**: for controlling the basic parameters of FM sound source.
- **Macros (FM)**: for macros controlling algorithm, feedback and LFO - **Macros (FM)**: for macros controlling algorithm, feedback and LFO
- **Macros (OP1)**: for macros controlling FM paramets of operator 1 - **Macros (OP1)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 1
- **Macros (OP2)**: for macros controlling FM paramets of operator 2 - **Macros (OP2)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 2
- **Macros (OP3)**: for macros controlling FM paramets of operator 3 - **Macros (OP3)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 3
- **Macros (OP4)**: for macros controlling FM paramets of operator 4 - **Macros (OP4)**: for macros controlling FM parameters of operator 4
- **Macros**: for miscellaneous macros controlling volume, argeggio and YM2151 noise generator. - **Macros**: for miscellaneous macros controlling volume, arpeggio, and YM2151 noise generator.
## FM ## FM
FM synthesizers Furnace supports are four-operator, meaning it takes four oscillators to produce a single sound. Each operator is controlled by a dozen sliders: The FM synthesizers Furnace supports are four-operator, meaning it takes four oscillators to produce a single sound. Each operator is controlled by several sliders.
- **Attack Rate (AR)**: determines the rising time for the sound. The bigger the value, the faster the attack. (0-31 range) - **Attack Rate (AR)**: determines the rising time for the sound. The bigger the value, the faster the attack. (0-31 range)
- **Decay Rate (DR)**: Determines the diminishing time for the sound. The higher the value, the shorter the decay. It's the initial amplitude decay rate. (0-31 range) - **Decay Rate (DR)**: Determines the diminishing time for the sound. The higher the value, the shorter the decay. It's the initial amplitude decay rate. (0-31 range)
@ -20,28 +20,40 @@ FM synthesizers Furnace supports are four-operator, meaning it takes four oscill
- **Release Rate (RR)**: Determines the rate at which the sound disappears after KEY-OFF. The higher the value, the shorter the release. (0-15 range) - **Release Rate (RR)**: Determines the rate at which the sound disappears after KEY-OFF. The higher the value, the shorter the release. (0-15 range)
- **Sustain Level (SL)**: Determines the point at which the sound ceases to decay and changes to a sound having a constant level. The sustain level is expressed as a fraction of the maximum level. (0-15 range) - **Sustain Level (SL)**: Determines the point at which the sound ceases to decay and changes to a sound having a constant level. The sustain level is expressed as a fraction of the maximum level. (0-15 range)
- **Total Level (TL)**: Represents the envelope’s highest amplitude, with 0 being the largest and 127 (decimal) the smallest. A change of one unit is about 0.75 dB. - **Total Level (TL)**: Represents the envelope’s highest amplitude, with 0 being the largest and 127 (decimal) the smallest. A change of one unit is about 0.75 dB.
![FM ADSR chart](FM-ADSRchart.png)
- **Envelope Scale (KSR)**: A parameter that determines the degree to which the envelope execution speed increases according to the pitch. (0-3 range) - **Envelope Scale (KSR)**: A parameter that determines the degree to which the envelope execution speed increases according to the pitch. (0-3 range)
- **Frequency Multiplier (MULT)**: Determines the operator frequency in relation to the pitch. (0-15 range) - **Frequency Multiplier (MULT)**: Determines the operator frequency in relation to the pitch. (0-15 range)
- **Fine Detune (DT)**: Shifts the pitch a little (0-7 range) - **Fine Detune (DT)**: Shifts the pitch a little (0-7 range)
- **Coarse Detune (DT2)**: Shifts the pitch by tens of cents (0-3 range) WARNING: this parameter affects only YM2151 sound source!!! - **Coarse Detune (DT2)**: Shifts the pitch by tens of cents (0-3 range) YM2151 sound source only.
- **Hardware Envelope Generator (SSG-EG)**: Executes the built-in envelope, inherited from AY-3-8910 PSG. Speed of execution is controlled via Decay Rate. WARNING: this parameter affects only YM2610/YM2612 sound source!!! - **Hardware Envelope Generator (SSG-EG)**: Executes the built-in envelope, inherited from AY-3-8910 PSG. Speed of execution is controlled via Decay Rate. YM2610/YM2612 sound source only.
- **Algorithm (AL)**: Determines how operators are connected to each other. (0-7 range) - **Algorithm (AL)**: Determines how operators are connected to each other. (0-7 range)
- **Feedback (FB)**: Determines the amount of signal whick operator 1 returns to itself. (0-7 range) - **Feedback (FB)**: Determines the amount of signal whick operator 1 returns to itself. (0-7 range)
- **Amplitude Modulation (AM)**: Makes the operator affected by LFO. - **Amplitude Modulation (AM)**: Makes the operator affected by LFO.
- **LFO Frequency Sensitivity**: Determines the amount of LFO frequency changes. (0-7 range) - **LFO Frequency Sensitivity**: Determines the amount of LFO frequency changes. (0-7 range)
- **LFO Amplitude Sensitivity (AM)**: Determines the amount of LFO frequency changes. (0-3 range) - **LFO Amplitude Sensitivity (AM)**: Determines the amount of LFO frequency changes. (0-3 range)
Right-clicking on the algorithm view switches to a preview display of the waveform generated on a new note:
- Left-click restarts the sound.
- Middle-click pauses and unpauses the preview.
- Right-click returns to algorithm view.
## Macros ## Macros
Macros define the sequence of values passed to the given parameter. Via macro, aside previously mentioned parameters, the following can be controlled: Macros define the sequence of values passed to the given parameter. Via macro, aside previously mentioned parameters, the following can be controlled:
- **LFO Frequency** - **LFO Frequency**
- **LFO Waveform**: _WARNING:_ this parameter affects only YM2151 sound source! - **LFO Waveform**: YM2151 sound source only.
- **Amplitude Modulation Depth**: _WARNING:_ this parameter affects only YM2151 sound source! - **Amplitude Modulation Depth**: YM2151 sound source only.
- **Frequency Modulation Depth**: _WARNING:_ this parameter affects only YM2151 sound source! - **Frequency Modulation Depth**: YM2151 sound source only.
- **Arpeggio Macro**: Pitch change sequence in semitones. Two modes are available: - **Arpeggio Macro**: Pitch change sequence in semitones. Two modes are available:
- **Absolute** (default): Executes the pitch with absolute change based on the pitch of the actual note. - **Absolute** (default): Executes the pitch with absolute change based on the pitch of the actual note.
- **Fixed**: Executes at the pitch specified in the sequence regardless of the note pitch. - **Fixed**: Executes at the pitch specified in the sequence regardless of the note pitch.
- **Noise Frequency**: specifies the noise frequency in noise mode of YM2151's Channel 8 Operator 4 special mode. - **Noise Frequency**: specifies the noise frequency in noise mode of YM2151's Channel 8 Operator 4 special mode.
Looping: You can loop the execution of part of a sequence. Left-click anywhere on the Loop line at the bottom of the editor to create a loop. You can move the start and end points of the loop by dragging both ends of the loop. Rigkt-click to remove the loop.
# links
[FM instrument tutorial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS8edjurjDw): A great starting point to learn how create and work with FM sounds. This was made for DefleMask, but all the same principles apply.