diff --git a/doc/1-intro/glossary.md b/doc/1-intro/glossary.md index d8d0e9ac..f3d1537c 100644 --- a/doc/1-intro/glossary.md +++ b/doc/1-intro/glossary.md @@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ **macro**: a sequence of values automatically applied while a note plays. +**noise bass**: the technique of using a PSG's periodic noise generator with a very short period to create low-frequency sounds. + **normalize**: to adjust the volume of a sample so it is as loud as possible without adding distortion from clipping. **operator**: in FM, a single oscillator that interacts with other oscillators to generate sound. @@ -77,10 +79,14 @@ **PCM**: pulse code modulation. a stream of data that represents sound as a rapid sequence of amplitudes. - CD tracks and .WAV files are PCM. -- .OGG and .MP3 are compressed differently from PCM. they must be converted to .WAV outside Furnace before they can be used as samples. +- .FLAC files are compressed PCM that must be converted to .WAV outside Furnace before use. +- .OGG and .MP3 are compressed differently from PCM. they must also be converted to .WAV before use. **period**: the length of a repeating waveform. as frequency rises, the period shortens. +**periodic noise**: an approximation of random noise generated algorithmically. +- the period is the number of values generated until the algorithm repeats itself. + **phase reset**: to restart a waveform at its initial value. - for FM instruments, this restarts the volume envelope also. @@ -101,9 +107,11 @@ **register**: a memory location within a sound chip. "register view" shows all the relevant memory of all chips in use. -**sample**: a digitally recorded sound. usually stored as some variant of PCM. +**sample** (1): a digitally recorded sound. usually stored as some variant of PCM. - these can take up a lot of room depending on length and sample rate, thus older systems tend to use short, lower quality samples. +**sample** (2): a single value taken from a digitally recorded sound. a sample(1) is made up of samples(2). + **signed**: a digital representation of a number that may be negative or positive. - if an imported raw sample sounds recognizable but heavily distorted, it's likely to be unsigned interpreted as signed or vice-versa. @@ -114,7 +122,7 @@ **square wave**: a wave consisting of only two values, high and low, with equal durations within the wave's period. - this is equivalent to a pulse wave with a duty of 50%. -**supersaw**: a sound made up of multiple saw waves at slightly different frequencies to achieve a flanged effect. +**supersaw**: a sound made up of multiple saw waves at slightly different frequencies to achieve a chorusing effect. **tick rate**: the rate at which the software controlling a sound chip sends commands to it. - this usually corresponds to the frame rate the system uses for video, approximately 60 for NTSC and 50 for PAL. @@ -127,6 +135,11 @@ - different versions of the VGM format have different capabilities, with trade-offs. older versions may lack chips or features; newer versions may not be compatible with some software. - samples are stored uncompressed. PCM streams (such as DualPCM) can quickly take up a huge amount of space. -**wavetable**: a very short looping sample. +**waveform**: a very short period of repeating sound. +- the most basic waveform is a sine wave. others include triangle, pulse, saw, and the like. + +**wavetable** (1): a very short looping sample. + +**wavetable** (2): an ordered group of wavetables(1) used in sequence within a single instrument. **ZSM**: a VGM-like file meant specifically for the Commander X16 computer.